zig/lib/std/crypto/blake3.zig

// Translated from BLAKE3 reference implementation.
// Source: https://github.com/BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3

const std = @import("../std.zig");
const builtin = @import("builtin");
const fmt = std.fmt;
const math = std.math;
const mem = std.mem;
const testing = std.testing;

const ChunkIterator = struct {
    slice: []u8,
    chunk_len: usize,

    fn init(slice: []u8, chunk_len: usize) ChunkIterator {
        return ChunkIterator{
            .slice = slice,
            .chunk_len = chunk_len,
        };
    }

    fn next(self: *ChunkIterator) ?[]u8 {
        const next_chunk = self.slice[0..@min(self.chunk_len, self.slice.len)];
        self.slice = self.slice[next_chunk.len..];
        return if (next_chunk.len > 0) next_chunk else null;
    }
};

const OUT_LEN: usize = 32;
const KEY_LEN: usize = 32;
const BLOCK_LEN: usize = 64;
const CHUNK_LEN: usize = 1024;

const IV = [8]u32{
    0x6A09E667, 0xBB67AE85, 0x3C6EF372, 0xA54FF53A, 0x510E527F, 0x9B05688C, 0x1F83D9AB, 0x5BE0CD19,
};

const MSG_SCHEDULE = [7][16]u8{
    [_]u8{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 },
    [_]u8{ 2, 6, 3, 10, 7, 0, 4, 13, 1, 11, 12, 5, 9, 14, 15, 8 },
    [_]u8{ 3, 4, 10, 12, 13, 2, 7, 14, 6, 5, 9, 0, 11, 15, 8, 1 },
    [_]u8{ 10, 7, 12, 9, 14, 3, 13, 15, 4, 0, 11, 2, 5, 8, 1, 6 },
    [_]u8{ 12, 13, 9, 11, 15, 10, 14, 8, 7, 2, 5, 3, 0, 1, 6, 4 },
    [_]u8{ 9, 14, 11, 5, 8, 12, 15, 1, 13, 3, 0, 10, 2, 6, 4, 7 },
    [_]u8{ 11, 15, 5, 0, 1, 9, 8, 6, 14, 10, 2, 12, 3, 4, 7, 13 },
};

// These are the internal flags that we use to domain separate root/non-root,
// chunk/parent, and chunk beginning/middle/end. These get set at the high end
// of the block flags word in the compression function, so their values start
// high and go down.
const CHUNK_START: u8 = 1 << 0;
const CHUNK_END: u8 = 1 << 1;
const PARENT: u8 = 1 << 2;
const ROOT: u8 = 1 << 3;
const KEYED_HASH: u8 = 1 << 4;
const DERIVE_KEY_CONTEXT: u8 = 1 << 5;
const DERIVE_KEY_MATERIAL: u8 = 1 << 6;

const CompressVectorized = struct {
    const Lane = @Vector(4, u32);
    const Rows = [4]Lane;

    fn g(comptime even: bool, rows: *Rows, m: Lane) void {
        rows[0] +%= rows[1] +% m;
        rows[3] ^= rows[0];
        rows[3] = math.rotr(Lane, rows[3], if (even) 8 else 16);
        rows[2] +%= rows[3];
        rows[1] ^= rows[2];
        rows[1] = math.rotr(Lane, rows[1], if (even) 7 else 12);
    }

    fn diagonalize(rows: *Rows) void {
        rows[0] = @shuffle(u32, rows[0], undefined, [_]i32{ 3, 0, 1, 2 });
        rows[3] = @shuffle(u32, rows[3], undefined, [_]i32{ 2, 3, 0, 1 });
        rows[2] = @shuffle(u32, rows[2], undefined, [_]i32{ 1, 2, 3, 0 });
    }

    fn undiagonalize(rows: *Rows) void {
        rows[0] = @shuffle(u32, rows[0], undefined, [_]i32{ 1, 2, 3, 0 });
        rows[3] = @shuffle(u32, rows[3], undefined, [_]i32{ 2, 3, 0, 1 });
        rows[2] = @shuffle(u32, rows[2], undefined, [_]i32{ 3, 0, 1, 2 });
    }

    fn compress(
        chaining_value: [8]u32,
        block_words: [16]u32,
        block_len: u32,
        counter: u64,
        flags: u8,
    ) [16]u32 {
        const md = Lane{ @as(u32, @truncate(counter)), @as(u32, @truncate(counter >> 32)), block_len, @as(u32, flags) };
        var rows = Rows{ chaining_value[0..4].*, chaining_value[4..8].*, IV[0..4].*, md };

        var m = Rows{ block_words[0..4].*, block_words[4..8].*, block_words[8..12].*, block_words[12..16].* };
        var t0 = @shuffle(u32, m[0], m[1], [_]i32{ 0, 2, (-1 - 0), (-1 - 2) });
        g(false, &rows, t0);
        var t1 = @shuffle(u32, m[0], m[1], [_]i32{ 1, 3, (-1 - 1), (-1 - 3) });
        g(true, &rows, t1);
        diagonalize(&rows);
        var t2 = @shuffle(u32, m[2], m[3], [_]i32{ 0, 2, (-1 - 0), (-1 - 2) });
        t2 = @shuffle(u32, t2, undefined, [_]i32{ 3, 0, 1, 2 });
        g(false, &rows, t2);
        var t3 = @shuffle(u32, m[2], m[3], [_]i32{ 1, 3, (-1 - 1), (-1 - 3) });
        t3 = @shuffle(u32, t3, undefined, [_]i32{ 3, 0, 1, 2 });
        g(true, &rows, t3);
        undiagonalize(&rows);
        m = Rows{ t0, t1, t2, t3 };

        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < 6) : (i += 1) {
            t0 = @shuffle(u32, m[0], m[1], [_]i32{ 2, 1, (-1 - 1), (-1 - 3) });
            t0 = @shuffle(u32, t0, undefined, [_]i32{ 1, 2, 3, 0 });
            g(false, &rows, t0);
            t1 = @shuffle(u32, m[2], m[3], [_]i32{ 2, 2, (-1 - 3), (-1 - 3) });
            var tt = @shuffle(u32, m[0], undefined, [_]i32{ 3, 3, 0, 0 });
            t1 = @shuffle(u32, tt, t1, [_]i32{ 0, (-1 - 1), 2, (-1 - 3) });
            g(true, &rows, t1);
            diagonalize(&rows);
            t2 = @shuffle(u32, m[3], m[1], [_]i32{ 0, 1, (-1 - 0), (-1 - 1) });
            tt = @shuffle(u32, t2, m[2], [_]i32{ 0, 1, 2, (-1 - 3) });
            t2 = @shuffle(u32, tt, undefined, [_]i32{ 0, 2, 3, 1 });
            g(false, &rows, t2);
            t3 = @shuffle(u32, m[1], m[3], [_]i32{ 2, (-1 - 2), 3, (-1 - 3) });
            tt = @shuffle(u32, m[2], t3, [_]i32{ 0, (-1 - 0), 1, (-1 - 1) });
            t3 = @shuffle(u32, tt, undefined, [_]i32{ 2, 3, 1, 0 });
            g(true, &rows, t3);
            undiagonalize(&rows);
            m = Rows{ t0, t1, t2, t3 };
        }

        rows[0] ^= rows[2];
        rows[1] ^= rows[3];
        rows[2] ^= @Vector(4, u32){ chaining_value[0], chaining_value[1], chaining_value[2], chaining_value[3] };
        rows[3] ^= @Vector(4, u32){ chaining_value[4], chaining_value[5], chaining_value[6], chaining_value[7] };

        return @as([16]u32, @bitCast(rows));
    }
};

const CompressGeneric = struct {
    fn g(state: *[16]u32, comptime a: usize, comptime b: usize, comptime c: usize, comptime d: usize, mx: u32, my: u32) void {
        state[a] +%= state[b] +% mx;
        state[d] = math.rotr(u32, state[d] ^ state[a], 16);
        state[c] +%= state[d];
        state[b] = math.rotr(u32, state[b] ^ state[c], 12);
        state[a] +%= state[b] +% my;
        state[d] = math.rotr(u32, state[d] ^ state[a], 8);
        state[c] +%= state[d];
        state[b] = math.rotr(u32, state[b] ^ state[c], 7);
    }

    fn round(state: *[16]u32, msg: [16]u32, schedule: [16]u8) void {
        // Mix the columns.
        g(state, 0, 4, 8, 12, msg[schedule[0]], msg[schedule[1]]);
        g(state, 1, 5, 9, 13, msg[schedule[2]], msg[schedule[3]]);
        g(state, 2, 6, 10, 14, msg[schedule[4]], msg[schedule[5]]);
        g(state, 3, 7, 11, 15, msg[schedule[6]], msg[schedule[7]]);

        // Mix the diagonals.
        g(state, 0, 5, 10, 15, msg[schedule[8]], msg[schedule[9]]);
        g(state, 1, 6, 11, 12, msg[schedule[10]], msg[schedule[11]]);
        g(state, 2, 7, 8, 13, msg[schedule[12]], msg[schedule[13]]);
        g(state, 3, 4, 9, 14, msg[schedule[14]], msg[schedule[15]]);
    }

    fn compress(
        chaining_value: [8]u32,
        block_words: [16]u32,
        block_len: u32,
        counter: u64,
        flags: u8,
    ) [16]u32 {
        var state = [16]u32{
            chaining_value[0],
            chaining_value[1],
            chaining_value[2],
            chaining_value[3],
            chaining_value[4],
            chaining_value[5],
            chaining_value[6],
            chaining_value[7],
            IV[0],
            IV[1],
            IV[2],
            IV[3],
            @as(u32, @truncate(counter)),
            @as(u32, @truncate(counter >> 32)),
            block_len,
            flags,
        };
        for (MSG_SCHEDULE) |schedule| {
            round(&state, block_words, schedule);
        }
        for (chaining_value, 0..) |_, i| {
            state[i] ^= state[i + 8];
            state[i + 8] ^= chaining_value[i];
        }
        return state;
    }
};

const compress = if (builtin.cpu.arch == .x86_64)
    CompressVectorized.compress
else
    CompressGeneric.compress;

fn first8Words(words: [16]u32) [8]u32 {
    return @as(*const [8]u32, @ptrCast(&words)).*;
}

fn wordsFromLittleEndianBytes(comptime count: usize, bytes: [count * 4]u8) [count]u32 {
    var words: [count]u32 = undefined;
    for (&words, 0..) |*word, i| {
        word.* = mem.readInt(u32, bytes[4 * i ..][0..4], .little);
    }
    return words;
}

// Each chunk or parent node can produce either an 8-word chaining value or, by
// setting the ROOT flag, any number of final output bytes. The Output struct
// captures the state just prior to choosing between those two possibilities.
const Output = struct {
    input_chaining_value: [8]u32 align(16),
    block_words: [16]u32 align(16),
    block_len: u32,
    counter: u64,
    flags: u8,

    fn chainingValue(self: *const Output) [8]u32 {
        return first8Words(compress(
            self.input_chaining_value,
            self.block_words,
            self.block_len,
            self.counter,
            self.flags,
        ));
    }

    fn rootOutputBytes(self: *const Output, output: []u8) void {
        var out_block_it = ChunkIterator.init(output, 2 * OUT_LEN);
        var output_block_counter: usize = 0;
        while (out_block_it.next()) |out_block| {
            const words = compress(
                self.input_chaining_value,
                self.block_words,
                self.block_len,
                output_block_counter,
                self.flags | ROOT,
            );
            var out_word_it = ChunkIterator.init(out_block, 4);
            var word_counter: usize = 0;
            while (out_word_it.next()) |out_word| {
                var word_bytes: [4]u8 = undefined;
                mem.writeInt(u32, &word_bytes, words[word_counter], .little);
                @memcpy(out_word, word_bytes[0..out_word.len]);
                word_counter += 1;
            }
            output_block_counter += 1;
        }
    }
};

const ChunkState = struct {
    chaining_value: [8]u32 align(16),
    chunk_counter: u64,
    block: [BLOCK_LEN]u8 align(16) = [_]u8{0} ** BLOCK_LEN,
    block_len: u8 = 0,
    blocks_compressed: u8 = 0,
    flags: u8,

    fn init(key: [8]u32, chunk_counter: u64, flags: u8) ChunkState {
        return ChunkState{
            .chaining_value = key,
            .chunk_counter = chunk_counter,
            .flags = flags,
        };
    }

    fn len(self: *const ChunkState) usize {
        return BLOCK_LEN * @as(usize, self.blocks_compressed) + @as(usize, self.block_len);
    }

    fn fillBlockBuf(self: *ChunkState, input: []const u8) []const u8 {
        const want = BLOCK_LEN - self.block_len;
        const take = @min(want, input.len);
        @memcpy(self.block[self.block_len..][0..take], input[0..take]);
        self.block_len += @as(u8, @truncate(take));
        return input[take..];
    }

    fn startFlag(self: *const ChunkState) u8 {
        return if (self.blocks_compressed == 0) CHUNK_START else 0;
    }

    fn update(self: *ChunkState, input_slice: []const u8) void {
        var input = input_slice;
        while (input.len > 0) {
            // If the block buffer is full, compress it and clear it. More
            // input is coming, so this compression is not CHUNK_END.
            if (self.block_len == BLOCK_LEN) {
                const block_words = wordsFromLittleEndianBytes(16, self.block);
                self.chaining_value = first8Words(compress(
                    self.chaining_value,
                    block_words,
                    BLOCK_LEN,
                    self.chunk_counter,
                    self.flags | self.startFlag(),
                ));
                self.blocks_compressed += 1;
                self.block = [_]u8{0} ** BLOCK_LEN;
                self.block_len = 0;
            }

            // Copy input bytes into the block buffer.
            input = self.fillBlockBuf(input);
        }
    }

    fn output(self: *const ChunkState) Output {
        const block_words = wordsFromLittleEndianBytes(16, self.block);
        return Output{
            .input_chaining_value = self.chaining_value,
            .block_words = block_words,
            .block_len = self.block_len,
            .counter = self.chunk_counter,
            .flags = self.flags | self.startFlag() | CHUNK_END,
        };
    }
};

fn parentOutput(
    left_child_cv: [8]u32,
    right_child_cv: [8]u32,
    key: [8]u32,
    flags: u8,
) Output {
    var block_words: [16]u32 align(16) = undefined;
    block_words[0..8].* = left_child_cv;
    block_words[8..].* = right_child_cv;
    return Output{
        .input_chaining_value = key,
        .block_words = block_words,
        .block_len = BLOCK_LEN, // Always BLOCK_LEN (64) for parent nodes.
        .counter = 0, // Always 0 for parent nodes.
        .flags = PARENT | flags,
    };
}

fn parentCv(
    left_child_cv: [8]u32,
    right_child_cv: [8]u32,
    key: [8]u32,
    flags: u8,
) [8]u32 {
    return parentOutput(left_child_cv, right_child_cv, key, flags).chainingValue();
}

/// An incremental hasher that can accept any number of writes.
pub const Blake3 = struct {
    pub const Options = struct { key: ?[digest_length]u8 = null };
    pub const KdfOptions = struct {};

    chunk_state: ChunkState,
    key: [8]u32,
    cv_stack: [54][8]u32 = undefined, // Space for 54 subtree chaining values:
    cv_stack_len: u8 = 0, // 2^54 * CHUNK_LEN = 2^64
    flags: u8,

    pub const block_length = BLOCK_LEN;
    pub const digest_length = OUT_LEN;
    pub const key_length = KEY_LEN;

    fn init_internal(key: [8]u32, flags: u8) Blake3 {
        return Blake3{
            .chunk_state = ChunkState.init(key, 0, flags),
            .key = key,
            .flags = flags,
        };
    }

    /// Construct a new `Blake3` for the hash function, with an optional key
    pub fn init(options: Options) Blake3 {
        if (options.key) |key| {
            const key_words = wordsFromLittleEndianBytes(8, key);
            return Blake3.init_internal(key_words, KEYED_HASH);
        } else {
            return Blake3.init_internal(IV, 0);
        }
    }

    /// Construct a new `Blake3` for the key derivation function. The context
    /// string should be hardcoded, globally unique, and application-specific.
    pub fn initKdf(context: []const u8, options: KdfOptions) Blake3 {
        _ = options;
        var context_hasher = Blake3.init_internal(IV, DERIVE_KEY_CONTEXT);
        context_hasher.update(context);
        var context_key: [KEY_LEN]u8 = undefined;
        context_hasher.final(context_key[0..]);
        const context_key_words = wordsFromLittleEndianBytes(8, context_key);
        return Blake3.init_internal(context_key_words, DERIVE_KEY_MATERIAL);
    }

    pub fn hash(b: []const u8, out: []u8, options: Options) void {
        var d = Blake3.init(options);
        d.update(b);
        d.final(out);
    }

    fn pushCv(self: *Blake3, cv: [8]u32) void {
        self.cv_stack[self.cv_stack_len] = cv;
        self.cv_stack_len += 1;
    }

    fn popCv(self: *Blake3) [8]u32 {
        self.cv_stack_len -= 1;
        return self.cv_stack[self.cv_stack_len];
    }

    // Section 5.1.2 of the BLAKE3 spec explains this algorithm in more detail.
    fn addChunkChainingValue(self: *Blake3, first_cv: [8]u32, total_chunks: u64) void {
        // This chunk might complete some subtrees. For each completed subtree,
        // its left child will be the current top entry in the CV stack, and
        // its right child will be the current value of `new_cv`. Pop each left
        // child off the stack, merge it with `new_cv`, and overwrite `new_cv`
        // with the result. After all these merges, push the final value of
        // `new_cv` onto the stack. The number of completed subtrees is given
        // by the number of trailing 0-bits in the new total number of chunks.
        var new_cv = first_cv;
        var chunk_counter = total_chunks;
        while (chunk_counter & 1 == 0) {
            new_cv = parentCv(self.popCv(), new_cv, self.key, self.flags);
            chunk_counter >>= 1;
        }
        self.pushCv(new_cv);
    }

    /// Add input to the hash state. This can be called any number of times.
    pub fn update(self: *Blake3, input_slice: []const u8) void {
        var input = input_slice;
        while (input.len > 0) {
            // If the current chunk is complete, finalize it and reset the
            // chunk state. More input is coming, so this chunk is not ROOT.
            if (self.chunk_state.len() == CHUNK_LEN) {
                const chunk_cv = self.chunk_state.output().chainingValue();
                const total_chunks = self.chunk_state.chunk_counter + 1;
                self.addChunkChainingValue(chunk_cv, total_chunks);
                self.chunk_state = ChunkState.init(self.key, total_chunks, self.flags);
            }

            // Compress input bytes into the current chunk state.
            const want = CHUNK_LEN - self.chunk_state.len();
            const take = @min(want, input.len);
            self.chunk_state.update(input[0..take]);
            input = input[take..];
        }
    }

    /// Finalize the hash and write any number of output bytes.
    pub fn final(self: *const Blake3, out_slice: []u8) void {
        // Starting with the Output from the current chunk, compute all the
        // parent chaining values along the right edge of the tree, until we
        // have the root Output.
        var output = self.chunk_state.output();
        var parent_nodes_remaining: usize = self.cv_stack_len;
        while (parent_nodes_remaining > 0) {
            parent_nodes_remaining -= 1;
            output = parentOutput(
                self.cv_stack[parent_nodes_remaining],
                output.chainingValue(),
                self.key,
                self.flags,
            );
        }
        output.rootOutputBytes(out_slice);
    }

    pub const Error = error{};
    pub const Writer = std.io.GenericWriter(*Blake3, Error, write);

    fn write(self: *Blake3, bytes: []const u8) Error!usize {
        self.update(bytes);
        return bytes.len;
    }

    pub fn writer(self: *Blake3) Writer {
        return .{ .context = self };
    }
};

// Use named type declarations to workaround crash with anonymous structs (issue #4373).
const ReferenceTest = struct {
    key: *const [KEY_LEN]u8,
    context_string: []const u8,
    cases: []const ReferenceTestCase,
};

const ReferenceTestCase = struct {
    input_len: usize,
    hash: *const [262]u8,
    keyed_hash: *const [262]u8,
    derive_key: *const [262]u8,
};

// Each test is an input length and three outputs, one for each of the `hash`, `keyed_hash`, and
// `derive_key` modes. The input in each case is filled with a 251-byte-long repeating pattern:
// 0, 1, 2, ..., 249, 250, 0, 1, ... The key used with `keyed_hash` is the 32-byte ASCII string
// given in the `key` field below. For `derive_key`, the test input is used as the input key, and
// the context string is 'BLAKE3 2019-12-27 16:29:52 test vectors context'. (As good practice for
// following the security requirements of `derive_key`, test runners should make that context
// string a hardcoded constant, and we do not provided it in machine-readable form.) Outputs are
// encoded as hexadecimal. Each case is an extended output, and implementations should also check
// that the first 32 bytes match their default-length output.
//
// Source: https://github.com/BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3/blob/92d421dea1a89e2f079f4dbd93b0dab41234b279/test_vectors/test_vectors.json
const reference_test = ReferenceTest{
    .key = "whats the Elvish word for friend",
    .context_string = "BLAKE3 2019-12-27 16:29:52 test vectors context",
    .cases = &[_]ReferenceTestCase{
        .{
            .input_len = 0,
            .hash = "af1349b9f5f9a1a6a0404dea36dcc9499bcb25c9adc112b7cc9a93cae41f3262e00f03e7b69af26b7faaf09fcd333050338ddfe085b8cc869ca98b206c08243a26f5487789e8f660afe6c99ef9e0c52b92e7393024a80459cf91f476f9ffdbda7001c22e159b402631f277ca96f2defdf1078282314e763699a31c5363165421cce14d",
            .keyed_hash = "92b2b75604ed3c761f9d6f62392c8a9227ad0ea3f09573e783f1498a4ed60d26b18171a2f22a4b94822c701f107153dba24918c4bae4d2945c20ece13387627d3b73cbf97b797d5e59948c7ef788f54372df45e45e4293c7dc18c1d41144a9758be58960856be1eabbe22c2653190de560ca3b2ac4aa692a9210694254c371e851bc8f",
            .derive_key = "2cc39783c223154fea8dfb7c1b1660f2ac2dcbd1c1de8277b0b0dd39b7e50d7d905630c8be290dfcf3e6842f13bddd573c098c3f17361f1f206b8cad9d088aa4a3f746752c6b0ce6a83b0da81d59649257cdf8eb3e9f7d4998e41021fac119deefb896224ac99f860011f73609e6e0e4540f93b273e56547dfd3aa1a035ba6689d89a0",
        },
        .{
            .input_len = 1,
            .hash = "2d3adedff11b61f14c886e35afa036736dcd87a74d27b5c1510225d0f592e213c3a6cb8bf623e20cdb535f8d1a5ffb86342d9c0b64aca3bce1d31f60adfa137b358ad4d79f97b47c3d5e79f179df87a3b9776ef8325f8329886ba42f07fb138bb502f4081cbcec3195c5871e6c23e2cc97d3c69a613eba131e5f1351f3f1da786545e5",
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            .hash = "a003fc7a51754a9b3c7fae0367ab3d782dccf28855a03d435f8cfe74605e781798a8b20534be1ca9eb2ae2df3fae2ea60e48c6fb0b850b1385b5de0fe460dbe9d9f9b0d8db4435da75c601156df9d047f4ede008732eb17adc05d96180f8a73548522840779e6062d643b79478a6e8dbce68927f36ebf676ffa7d72d5f68f050b119c8",
            .keyed_hash = "ed9b1a922c046fdb3d423ae34e143b05ca1bf28b710432857bf738bcedbfa5113c9e28d72fcbfc020814ce3f5d4fc867f01c8f5b6caf305b3ea8a8ba2da3ab69fabcb438f19ff11f5378ad4484d75c478de425fb8e6ee809b54eec9bdb184315dc856617c09f5340451bf42fd3270a7b0b6566169f242e533777604c118a6358250f54",
            .derive_key = "554b0a5efea9ef183f2f9b931b7497995d9eb26f5c5c6dad2b97d62fc5ac31d99b20652c016d88ba2a611bbd761668d5eda3e568e940faae24b0d9991c3bd25a65f770b89fdcadabcb3d1a9c1cb63e69721cacf1ae69fefdcef1e3ef41bc5312ccc17222199e47a26552c6adc460cf47a72319cb5039369d0060eaea59d6c65130f1dd",
        },
        .{
            .input_len = 8192,
            .hash = "aae792484c8efe4f19e2ca7d371d8c467ffb10748d8a5a1ae579948f718a2a635fe51a27db045a567c1ad51be5aa34c01c6651c4d9b5b5ac5d0fd58cf18dd61a47778566b797a8c67df7b1d60b97b19288d2d877bb2df417ace009dcb0241ca1257d62712b6a4043b4ff33f690d849da91ea3bf711ed583cb7b7a7da2839ba71309bbf",
            .keyed_hash = "dc9637c8845a770b4cbf76b8daec0eebf7dc2eac11498517f08d44c8fc00d58a4834464159dcbc12a0ba0c6d6eb41bac0ed6585cabfe0aca36a375e6c5480c22afdc40785c170f5a6b8a1107dbee282318d00d915ac9ed1143ad40765ec120042ee121cd2baa36250c618adaf9e27260fda2f94dea8fb6f08c04f8f10c78292aa46102",
            .derive_key = "ad01d7ae4ad059b0d33baa3c01319dcf8088094d0359e5fd45d6aeaa8b2d0c3d4c9e58958553513b67f84f8eac653aeeb02ae1d5672dcecf91cd9985a0e67f4501910ecba25555395427ccc7241d70dc21c190e2aadee875e5aae6bf1912837e53411dabf7a56cbf8e4fb780432b0d7fe6cec45024a0788cf5874616407757e9e6bef7",
        },
        .{
            .input_len = 8193,
            .hash = "bab6c09cb8ce8cf459261398d2e7aef35700bf488116ceb94a36d0f5f1b7bc3bb2282aa69be089359ea1154b9a9286c4a56af4de975a9aa4a5c497654914d279bea60bb6d2cf7225a2fa0ff5ef56bbe4b149f3ed15860f78b4e2ad04e158e375c1e0c0b551cd7dfc82f1b155c11b6b3ed51ec9edb30d133653bb5709d1dbd55f4e1ff6",
            .keyed_hash = "954a2a75420c8d6547e3ba5b98d963e6fa6491addc8c023189cc519821b4a1f5f03228648fd983aef045c2fa8290934b0866b615f585149587dda2299039965328835a2b18f1d63b7e300fc76ff260b571839fe44876a4eae66cbac8c67694411ed7e09df51068a22c6e67d6d3dd2cca8ff12e3275384006c80f4db68023f24eebba57",
            .derive_key = "af1e0346e389b17c23200270a64aa4e1ead98c61695d917de7d5b00491c9b0f12f20a01d6d622edf3de026a4db4e4526225debb93c1237934d71c7340bb5916158cbdafe9ac3225476b6ab57a12357db3abbad7a26c6e66290e44034fb08a20a8d0ec264f309994d2810c49cfba6989d7abb095897459f5425adb48aba07c5fb3c83c0",
        },
        .{
            .input_len = 16384,
            .hash = "f875d6646de28985646f34ee13be9a576fd515f76b5b0a26bb324735041ddde49d764c270176e53e97bdffa58d549073f2c660be0e81293767ed4e4929f9ad34bbb39a529334c57c4a381ffd2a6d4bfdbf1482651b172aa883cc13408fa67758a3e47503f93f87720a3177325f7823251b85275f64636a8f1d599c2e49722f42e93893",
            .keyed_hash = "9e9fc4eb7cf081ea7c47d1807790ed211bfec56aa25bb7037784c13c4b707b0df9e601b101e4cf63a404dfe50f2e1865bb12edc8fca166579ce0c70dba5a5c0fc960ad6f3772183416a00bd29d4c6e651ea7620bb100c9449858bf14e1ddc9ecd35725581ca5b9160de04060045993d972571c3e8f71e9d0496bfa744656861b169d65",
            .derive_key = "160e18b5878cd0df1c3af85eb25a0db5344d43a6fbd7a8ef4ed98d0714c3f7e160dc0b1f09caa35f2f417b9ef309dfe5ebd67f4c9507995a531374d099cf8ae317542e885ec6f589378864d3ea98716b3bbb65ef4ab5e0ab5bb298a501f19a41ec19af84a5e6b428ecd813b1a47ed91c9657c3fba11c406bc316768b58f6802c9e9b57",
        },
        .{
            .input_len = 31744,
            .hash = "62b6960e1a44bcc1eb1a611a8d6235b6b4b78f32e7abc4fb4c6cdcce94895c47860cc51f2b0c28a7b77304bd55fe73af663c02d3f52ea053ba43431ca5bab7bfea2f5e9d7121770d88f70ae9649ea713087d1914f7f312147e247f87eb2d4ffef0ac978bf7b6579d57d533355aa20b8b77b13fd09748728a5cc327a8ec470f4013226f",
            .keyed_hash = "efa53b389ab67c593dba624d898d0f7353ab99e4ac9d42302ee64cbf9939a4193a7258db2d9cd32a7a3ecfce46144114b15c2fcb68a618a976bd74515d47be08b628be420b5e830fade7c080e351a076fbc38641ad80c736c8a18fe3c66ce12f95c61c2462a9770d60d0f77115bbcd3782b593016a4e728d4c06cee4505cb0c08a42ec",
            .derive_key = "39772aef80e0ebe60596361e45b061e8f417429d529171b6764468c22928e28e9759adeb797a3fbf771b1bcea30150a020e317982bf0d6e7d14dd9f064bc11025c25f31e81bd78a921db0174f03dd481d30e93fd8e90f8b2fee209f849f2d2a52f31719a490fb0ba7aea1e09814ee912eba111a9fde9d5c274185f7bae8ba85d300a2b",
        },
        .{
            .input_len = 102400,
            .hash = "bc3e3d41a1146b069abffad3c0d44860cf664390afce4d9661f7902e7943e085e01c59dab908c04c3342b816941a26d69c2605ebee5ec5291cc55e15b76146e6745f0601156c3596cb75065a9c57f35585a52e1ac70f69131c23d611ce11ee4ab1ec2c009012d236648e77be9295dd0426f29b764d65de58eb7d01dd42248204f45f8e",
            .keyed_hash = "1c35d1a5811083fd7119f5d5d1ba027b4d01c0c6c49fb6ff2cf75393ea5db4a7f9dbdd3e1d81dcbca3ba241bb18760f207710b751846faaeb9dff8262710999a59b2aa1aca298a032d94eacfadf1aa192418eb54808db23b56e34213266aa08499a16b354f018fc4967d05f8b9d2ad87a7278337be9693fc638a3bfdbe314574ee6fc4",
            .derive_key = "4652cff7a3f385a6103b5c260fc1593e13c778dbe608efb092fe7ee69df6e9c6d83a3e041bc3a48df2879f4a0a3ed40e7c961c73eff740f3117a0504c2dff4786d44fb17f1549eb0ba585e40ec29bf7732f0b7e286ff8acddc4cb1e23b87ff5d824a986458dcc6a04ac83969b80637562953df51ed1a7e90a7926924d2763778be8560",
        },
    },
};

fn testBlake3(hasher: *Blake3, input_len: usize, expected_hex: [262]u8) !void {
    // Save initial state
    const initial_state = hasher.*;

    // Setup input pattern
    var input_pattern: [251]u8 = undefined;
    for (&input_pattern, 0..) |*e, i| e.* = @as(u8, @truncate(i));

    // Write repeating input pattern to hasher
    var input_counter = input_len;
    while (input_counter > 0) {
        const update_len = @min(input_counter, input_pattern.len);
        hasher.update(input_pattern[0..update_len]);
        input_counter -= update_len;
    }

    // Read final hash value
    var actual_bytes: [expected_hex.len / 2]u8 = undefined;
    hasher.final(actual_bytes[0..]);

    // Compare to expected value
    var expected_bytes: [expected_hex.len / 2]u8 = undefined;
    _ = fmt.hexToBytes(expected_bytes[0..], expected_hex[0..]) catch unreachable;
    try testing.expectEqual(actual_bytes, expected_bytes);

    // Restore initial state
    hasher.* = initial_state;
}

test "BLAKE3 reference test cases" {
    var hash_state = Blake3.init(.{});
    const hash = &hash_state;
    var keyed_hash_state = Blake3.init(.{ .key = reference_test.key.* });
    const keyed_hash = &keyed_hash_state;
    var derive_key_state = Blake3.initKdf(reference_test.context_string, .{});
    const derive_key = &derive_key_state;

    for (reference_test.cases) |t| {
        try testBlake3(hash, t.input_len, t.hash.*);
        try testBlake3(keyed_hash, t.input_len, t.keyed_hash.*);
        try testBlake3(derive_key, t.input_len, t.derive_key.*);
    }
}