Added back VRAM budget check for GpuBuffer, must be forgotten when refactoring it

Now GpuArena doesn't do everything.

- Created GpuDeviceAllocator that allocate to the device
- GpuArena become GpuArenaAllocator and use a child_allocator like
std.heap.ArenaAllocator

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 .zig-cache
 zig-out
+examples/mnist

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+# Minimal Zig WebGPU Compute & Render Library
+
+This is a minimal, self-contained Zig library designed to simplify running compute shaders and rendering pipelines using WebGPU. It abstracts away much of the boilerplate required for GPU device initialization, memory management, bind groups, and pipeline execution.
+
+## Core Modules
+
+The library exports the following primary components:
+
+* **`GpuDevice`**: Initializes the WebGPU instance, adapter, device, and queue. It is configured to prioritize high performance and automatically requests the `ShaderF16` feature if the adapter supports it. It provides the base `GpuAllocator` for raw VRAM allocations.
+* **`GpuArenaAllocator`**: A memory management layer that wraps a base allocator to track and automatically destroy all allocated WebGPU buffers, textures, views, and pipelines when deinitialized.
+* **`GpuBuffer`**: Wraps native WebGPU buffers. It provides a `.load()` method for CPU-to-GPU data transfers and a `.read()` method that utilizes a staging buffer to map GPU data back to the CPU.
+* **`GpuCompute`**: Compiles WGSL source code into a compute pipeline and dispatches compute workgroups.
+* **`GpuRender` / `GpuTexture` / `GpuTextureView`**: Components used to initialize render pipelines, set up render attachments (textures), and bind render targets for offscreen drawing.
+
+---
+
+## Example 1: Compute Pipeline
+
+Below is a complete example demonstrating how to initialize the GPU via the device allocator, manage VRAM using a GPU Arena, run a compute shader, and read the results back to the CPU:
+
+```zig
+const std = @import("std");
+const gpu = @import("gpu");
+const GpuDevice = gpu.GpuDevice;
+const GpuArenaAllocator = gpu.GpuArenaAllocator;
+const GpuBuffer = gpu.GpuBuffer;
+const GpuCompute = gpu.GpuCompute;
+
+pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
+    const allocator = init.gpa;
+
+    // 1. Open GPU Device
+    const device = try GpuDevice.init(.{});
+    defer device.deinit();
+
+    // 2. Create a GPU Arena to manage VRAM
+    var grena = GpuArenaAllocator.init(allocator, device.gpuAllocator());
+    defer grena.deinit();
+    const gloc = grena.gpuAllocator();
+
+    // 3. Load the WGSL compute pipeline
+    const add_cp = try GpuCompute.init(
+        gloc,
+        @embedFile("shaders/add.wgsl"),
+        .{
+            .label = "add",
+            .bindings = &.{
+                .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+                .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+                .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+            },
+        },
+    );
+
+    // 4. Setup CPU data
+    const len: usize = 16;
+    const data_a = try allocator.alloc(f16, len);
+    defer allocator.free(data_a);
+    const data_b = try allocator.alloc(f16, len);
+    defer allocator.free(data_b);
+
+    for (0..len) |i| {
+        data_a[i] = @floatFromInt(i);
+        data_b[i] = @floatFromInt(len - 1 - i);
+    }
+
+    // 5. Initialize raw GPU Buffers
+    const byte_size = len * @sizeOf(f16);
+    const buf_a = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{ .label = "a", .size = byte_size, .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Storage, .CopyDst, .CopySrc }) });
+    const buf_b = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{ .label = "b", .size = byte_size, .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Storage, .CopyDst, .CopySrc }) });
+    const buf_out = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{ .label = "out", .size = byte_size, .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Storage, .CopyDst, .CopySrc }) });
+
+    // Note: Buffers are safely tied to the GpuArenaAllocator which will automatically
+    // release them at the end. You can also manually call buf_x.deinit() if desired.
+    // This will also release pipelines, textures, ect. Everything using a GpuAllocator to init.
+
+    // 6. Transfer data from CPU slices to GPU Buffers
+    try buf_a.load(f16, data_a);
+    try buf_b.load(f16, data_b);
+
+    // 7. Dispatch the Compute
+    try add_cp.run(gloc, .{ buf_a, buf_b, buf_out });
+
+    // 8. Map and copy the resulting buffer back to the CPU
+    const out = try buf_out.read(allocator, f16);
+    defer allocator.free(out);
+
+    std.debug.print("Result: {any}\n", .{out});
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Example 2: Rendering Pipeline (Offscreen to PPM Image)
+
+This example demonstrates how to initialize a rendering pipeline, allocate an output texture target, draw primitives via WebGPU,
+and pull the frame pixels back to the CPU to write a standard image file:
+
+```zig
+const std = @import("std");
+const gpu = @import("gpu");
+const GpuDevice = gpu.GpuDevice;
+const GpuArenaAllocator = gpu.GpuArenaAllocator;
+const GpuBuffer = gpu.GpuBuffer;
+const GpuRender = gpu.GpuRender;
+const GpuTexture = gpu.GpuTexture;
+const GpuTextureView = gpu.GpuTextureView;
+
+const width: u32 = 512;
+const height: u32 = 512;
+
+pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
+    const allocator = init.gpa;
+
+    // 1. Open GPU Device
+    const device = try GpuDevice.init(.{});
+    defer device.deinit();
+
+    // 2. Init VRAM Arena
+    var grena = GpuArenaAllocator.init(allocator, device.gpuAllocator());
+    defer grena.deinit();
+    const gloc = grena.gpuAllocator();
+
+    // 3. Load Render Pipeline
+    const circle_rp = try GpuRender.init(
+        gloc,
+        @embedFile("shaders/circle.wgsl"),
+        .{ .bindings = &.{}, .texture_format = .RGBA8Unorm, .topology = .TriangleStrip },
+    );
+    defer circle_rp.deinit();
+
+    // 4. Create VRAM texture to render into
+    const texture = try GpuTexture.init(gloc, .{
+        .format = .RGBA8Unorm,
+        .size = .{ .width = width, .height = height, .depthOrArrayLayers = 1 },
+        .usage = .initMany(&.{ .RenderAttachment, .CopySrc }),
+    });
+    defer texture.deinit();
+
+    // 5. Create a view from texture
+    const view = try GpuTextureView.init(gloc, texture, .{});
+    defer view.deinit();
+
+    // 6. Run the rendering pipeline
+    try circle_rp.draw(gloc, view, 4, .{});
+
+    // 7. Load Texture into GpuBuffer
+    const cpu_staging_cpu = try texture.buffCopy(gloc);
+    defer cpu_staging_cpu.deinit();
+
+    // 8. Read GpuBuffer to CPU
+    // This need to be free manually because CPU memory
+    const pixels = try cpu_staging_cpu.read(allocator, u8);
+    defer allocator.free(pixels);
+
+    // 9. Write a simple ppm image
+    try savePpm(init.io, "circle.ppm", width, height, pixels);
+}
+
+fn savePpm(io: std.Io, filename: []const u8, w: u32, h: u32, rgba_pixels: []const u8) !void {
+    const file = try std.Io.Dir.cwd().createFile(io, filename, .{});
+    defer file.close(io);
+
+    var buf: [255]u8 = undefined;
+    var writer = file.writer(io, &buf);
+
+    // PPM Header: P6 format means raw RGB bytes
+    try writer.interface.print("P6\n{d} {d}\n255\n", .{ w, h });
+
+    // Strip Alpha channel when writing out to standard RGB PPM format
+    var i: usize = 0;
+    while (i < rgba_pixels.len) : (i += 4) {
+        try writer.interface.writeAll(rgba_pixels[i .. i + 3]);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Running Examples Locally
+
+If you have cloned the repository, you can run the included examples directly using the Zig build system:
+
+```bash
+# Run the rendering example (generates circle.ppm)
+zig build circle
+
+# Run the compute example
+zig build compute
+
+# Run the compute benchmark
+zig build bench_cp
+```
+
+---
+
+## Dependencies
+
+* **`wgpu.h`**: The library relies on WebGPU C API headers to bind to the native system graphics.
+
+## System Requirements
+
+Because this library binds to native system graphics APIs via `wgpu-native`, you must ensure the appropriate development headers and libraries are available on your system before compiling.
+
+### Linux (Vulkan)
+
+* **Ubuntu / Debian:** `sudo apt update && sudo apt install libvulkan-dev mesa-vulkan-drivers`
+* **Fedora / RHEL:** `sudo dnf install vulkan-devel mesa-vulkan-drivers`
+* **Arch Linux:** `sudo pacman -S vulkan-headers vulkan-icd-loader`
+
+### macOS (Metal)
+
+No extra installation required. Automatically links against `Metal`, `QuartzCore`, `Foundation`, and `CoreGraphics`.
+
+### Windows (DirectX 12)
+
+No extra installation required. Automatically links against `d3d12`, `dxgi`, and `user32`. Ensure you have MSVC build tools installed.
+
+---
+
+## Adding to your project
+
+Add it to your `build.zig.zon`:
+
+```bash
+zig fetch --save git+[https://git.bouvais.lu/adrien/zig-wgpu#ref=0.2.0](https://git.bouvais.lu/adrien/zig-wgpu)
+```
+
+Then, expose it in your `build.zig`:
+
+```zig
+const zig_wgpu = b.dependency("zig-wgpu", .{
+    .target = target,
+    .optimize = optimize,
+});
+
+exe.root_module.addImport("gpu", zig_wgpu.module("zig-wgpu"));
+```

build.zig

@@ -1,94 +1,61 @@
-// build.zig
-// zig build run
-//
-// Expects wgpu-native pre-built in libs/wgpu-native/:
-//   include/wgpu.h
-//   lib/libwgpu_native.a   (or .so / .dylib / .dll)
-//
-// Download release: https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu-native/releases
-// Pick the archive matching your OS/arch, e.g.:
-//   wgpu-linux-x86_64-release.zip     → libwgpu_native.a  + wgpu.h
-//   wgpu-macos-aarch64-release.zip
-//   wgpu-windows-x86_64-msvc-release.zip
-
 const std = @import("std");
 
-pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
+pub fn build(b: *std.Build) !void {
     const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
     const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
 
-    // 1. Define the module so other projects can import it
-    _ = b.addModule("zig-wgpu", .{
+    const mod = b.addModule("zig-wgpu", .{
         .root_source_file = b.path("src/lib.zig"),
-    });
-
-    const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
-        .root_module = b.createModule(.{
-            .root_source_file = b.path("src/bench.zig"),
-            .link_libc = true,
         .target = target,
-            .optimize = optimize,
-        }),
-        .name = "bench",
     });
 
-    // wgpu-native headers + pre-built static library
-    exe.root_module.addIncludePath(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/include"));
-    exe.root_module.addLibraryPath(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/lib"));
-    exe.root_module.addObjectFile(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/lib/libwgpu_native.a"));
+    mod.addIncludePath(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/include"));
+    mod.addLibraryPath(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/lib"));
+    mod.addObjectFile(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/lib/libwgpu_native.a"));
 
     // Platform-specific system frameworks needed by wgpu-native
     const t = target.result;
     if (t.os.tag == .macos) {
-        exe.root_module.linkFramework("Metal", .{});
-        exe.root_module.linkFramework("QuartzCore", .{});
-        exe.root_module.linkFramework("Foundation", .{});
-        exe.root_module.linkFramework("CoreGraphics", .{});
+        mod.linkFramework("Metal", .{});
+        mod.linkFramework("QuartzCore", .{});
+        mod.linkFramework("Foundation", .{});
+        mod.linkFramework("CoreGraphics", .{});
     } else if (t.os.tag == .windows) {
-        exe.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("d3d12", .{});
-        exe.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("dxgi", .{});
-        exe.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("user32", .{});
+        mod.linkSystemLibrary("d3d12", .{});
+        mod.linkSystemLibrary("dxgi", .{});
+        mod.linkSystemLibrary("user32", .{});
     } else {
-        exe.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("vulkan", .{});
-        exe.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("gcc_s", .{});
+        mod.linkSystemLibrary("vulkan", .{});
+        mod.linkSystemLibrary("gcc_s", .{});
     }
 
+    if (b.pkg_hash.len == 0) {
+        var threaded: std.Io.Threaded = .init_single_threaded;
+        const io = threaded.io();
+
+        var buf: [1024]u8 = undefined;
+        const exemples = try std.Io.Dir.cwd().openDir(io, "examples", .{ .access_sub_paths = false, .iterate = true });
+        var iter = exemples.iterate();
+        while (try iter.next(io)) |entry| {
+            if (entry.kind != .file) continue;
+            if (!std.mem.eql(u8, entry.name[entry.name.len - 4 ..], ".zig")) continue;
+
+            const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+                .name = entry.name[0 .. entry.name.len - 4],
+                .root_module = b.createModule(.{
+                    .root_source_file = b.path(try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "examples/{s}", .{entry.name})),
+                    .target = target,
+                    .optimize = optimize,
+                    .imports = &.{},
+                }),
+            });
+            exe.root_module.addImport("gpu", mod);
+
             b.installArtifact(exe);
 
-    const run = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
-    run.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
-    b.step("bench", "Benchmark a simple add vector.").dependOn(&run.step);
-
-    const exe_examp = b.addExecutable(.{
-        .root_module = b.createModule(.{
-            .root_source_file = b.path("src/example.zig"),
-            .link_libc = true,
-            .target = target,
-            .optimize = optimize,
-        }),
-        .name = "bench",
-    });
-
-    // wgpu-native headers + pre-built static library
-    exe_examp.root_module.addIncludePath(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/include"));
-    exe_examp.root_module.addLibraryPath(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/lib"));
-    exe_examp.root_module.addObjectFile(b.path("libs/wgpu-native/lib/libwgpu_native.a"));
-
-    if (t.os.tag == .macos) {
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkFramework("Metal", .{});
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkFramework("QuartzCore", .{});
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkFramework("Foundation", .{});
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkFramework("CoreGraphics", .{});
-    } else if (t.os.tag == .windows) {
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("d3d12", .{});
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("dxgi", .{});
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("user32", .{});
-    } else {
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("vulkan", .{});
-        exe_examp.root_module.linkSystemLibrary("gcc_s", .{});
+            const run_step = b.step(entry.name[0 .. entry.name.len - 4], try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "Run {s} demo", .{entry.name}));
+            const run_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
+            run_step.dependOn(&run_cmd.step);
+        }
     }
-
-    const examp = b.addRunArtifact(exe_examp);
-    run.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
-    b.step("example", "Run basic example.").dependOn(&examp.step);
 }

build.zig.zon

@@ -1,43 +1,13 @@
 .{
-    // This is the default name used by packages depending on this one. For
-    // example, when a user runs `zig fetch --save <url>`, this field is used
-    // as the key in the `dependencies` table. Although the user can choose a
-    // different name, most users will stick with this provided value.
-    //
-    // It is redundant to include "zig" in this name because it is already
-    // within the Zig package namespace.
     .name = .zig_wgpu,
-    // This is a [Semantic Version](https://semver.org/).
-    // In a future version of Zig it will be used for package deduplication.
-    .version = "0.0.0",
-    // Together with name, this represents a globally unique package
-    // identifier. This field is generated by the Zig toolchain when the
-    // package is first created, and then *never changes*. This allows
-    // unambiguous detection of one package being an updated version of
-    // another.
-    //
-    // When forking a Zig project, this id should be regenerated (delete the
-    // field and run `zig build`) if the upstream project is still maintained.
-    // Otherwise, the fork is *hostile*, attempting to take control over the
-    // original project's identity. Thus it is recommended to leave the comment
-    // on the following line intact, so that it shows up in code reviews that
-    // modify the field.
-    .fingerprint = 0x5d0e853acbc0c2c6, // Changing this has security and trust implications.
-    // Tracks the earliest Zig version that the package considers to be a
-    // supported use case.
+    .version = "0.2.0",
+    .fingerprint = 0x5d0e853acbc0c2c6,
     .minimum_zig_version = "0.16.0",
-    // This field is optional.
-    // Each dependency must either provide a `url` and `hash`, or a `path`.
-    // `zig build --fetch` can be used to fetch all dependencies of a package, recursively.
-    // Once all dependencies are fetched, `zig build` no longer requires
-    // internet connectivity.
     .dependencies = .{},
     .paths = .{
         "build.zig",
         "build.zig.zon",
         "src",
-        // For example...
-        //"LICENSE",
-        //"README.md",
+        "libs",
     },
 }

examples/bench_cp.zig

@@ -1,37 +1,79 @@
 const std = @import("std");
-const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
-const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
-const GpuPipeline = @import("GpuPipeline.zig");
-const Vec = @import("Vec.zig");
+const gpu = @import("gpu");
+const GpuDevice = gpu.GpuDevice;
+const GpuArenaAllocator = gpu.GpuArenaAllocator;
+const GpuAllocator = gpu.GpuAllocator;
+const GpuBuffer = gpu.GpuBuffer;
+const GpuCompute = gpu.GpuCompute;
 
-const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
+pub const std_options = std.Options{ .log_level = .info };
+
+/// Minimal implementation of a f16 Vector
+const Vec = struct {
+    buf: GpuBuffer,
+    len: usize,
+
+    // Changed: gloc is passed by value (const)
+    pub fn initZero(gloc: GpuAllocator, len: usize) !Vec {
+        return .{
+            .buf = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{
+                .size = len * @sizeOf(f16),
+                .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Storage, .CopyDst, .CopySrc }),
+            }),
+            .len = len,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Changed: gloc is passed by value
+    pub fn initLoad(gloc: GpuAllocator, data: []const f16) !Vec {
+        var self = try initZero(gloc, data.len);
+        try self.load(data); // Direct access via the interface copy
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    pub fn deinit(self: Vec) void {
+        self.buf.deinit();
+    }
+
+    /// CPU to GPU.
+    pub fn load(self: Vec, data: []const f16) !void {
+        try self.buf.load(f16, data);
+    }
+
+    // Changed: gloc is passed by value instead of *GpuAllocator
+    pub fn run(self: Vec, gloc: GpuAllocator, other: Vec, process: GpuCompute) !Vec {
+        std.debug.assert(self.len == other.len);
+
+        const result = try Vec.initZero(gloc, self.len);
+        errdefer result.deinit();
+
+        try process.run(gloc, .{ self.buf, other.buf, result.buf });
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Changed: gloc is passed by value instead of *GpuAllocator
+    pub fn read(self: Vec, alloc: std.mem.Allocator) ![]f16 {
+        return self.buf.read(alloc, f16);
+    }
+};
 
 pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
     const device = try GpuDevice.init(.{ .vram_bytes_limit = 4 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 });
     defer device.deinit();
 
-    var gloc = try GpuAllocator.init(init.gpa, device);
-    defer gloc.deinit();
+    var grena = GpuArenaAllocator.init(init.gpa, device.gpuAllocator());
+    defer grena.deinit();
+    const gloc = grena.gpuAllocator();
 
-    const add_pip = try GpuPipeline.init(device, @embedFile("shaders/add.wgsl"));
+    const add_pip = try GpuCompute.init(gloc, @embedFile("shaders/add.wgsl"), .{ .bindings = &.{
+        .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+        .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+        .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+    } });
     defer add_pip.deinit();
 
     const allocator = init.gpa;
 
-    // --- WARM-UP PHASE ---
-    {
-        var warmup_a = [_]f16{1.0};
-        var warmup_b = [_]f16{1.0};
-        const wa = try Vec.initLoad(&gloc, &warmup_a);
-        defer wa.deinit();
-        const wb = try Vec.initLoad(&gloc, &warmup_b);
-        defer wb.deinit();
-        const wsum = try wa.run(&gloc, wb, add_pip);
-        defer wsum.deinit();
-        const wout = try wsum.read(&gloc, allocator);
-        defer allocator.free(wout);
-    }
-
     const sizes = [_]usize{
         1,
         256,
@@ -41,9 +83,9 @@ pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
         4 * 4 * 4 * 1024,
         4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 1024,
         1024 * 1024,
-        // 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-        // 4 * 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-        // 4 * 4 * 4 * 1024 * 1024,
+        4 * 1024 * 1024,
+        4 * 4 * 1024 * 1024,
+        4 * 4 * 4 * 1024 * 1024,
         // 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 1024 * 1024,
         // 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 1024 * 1024,
     };
@@ -78,9 +120,9 @@ pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
             // --- 1. GPU ALLOCATION PHASE ---
             const alloc_start = std.Io.Clock.awake.now(init.io);
 
-            const a = try Vec.initLoad(&gloc, data_a);
+            const a = try Vec.initLoad(gloc, data_a);
             defer a.deinit();
-            const b = try Vec.initLoad(&gloc, data_b);
+            const b = try Vec.initLoad(gloc, data_b);
             defer b.deinit();
 
             const alloc_duration = alloc_start.durationTo(std.Io.Clock.awake.now(init.io));
@@ -90,15 +132,15 @@ pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
             // --- 2. COMPUTE PHASE ---
             const compute_start = std.Io.Clock.awake.now(init.io);
 
-            const sum = try a.run(&gloc, b, add_pip);
+            const sum = try a.run(gloc, b, add_pip);
             defer sum.deinit();
 
             // All 3 buffers (a, b, sum) are currently resident in VRAM here.
             // Querying now catches the true peak allocation step.
-            if (gloc.allocated_vram_bytes > peak_vram_bytes)
-                peak_vram_bytes = gloc.allocated_vram_bytes;
+            if (grena.allocated_vram_bytes > peak_vram_bytes)
+                peak_vram_bytes = grena.allocated_vram_bytes;
 
-            _ = c.wgpuDevicePoll(device.device, 1, null);
+            device.poll();
 
             const compute_duration = compute_start.durationTo(std.Io.Clock.awake.now(init.io));
             const compute_ns = @as(u64, @intCast(compute_duration.toNanoseconds()));
@@ -107,7 +149,7 @@ pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
             // --- 3. TRANSFER PHASE (Device -> Host) ---
             const transfer_start = std.Io.Clock.awake.now(init.io);
 
-            const out = try sum.read(&gloc, allocator);
+            const out = try sum.read(allocator);
             defer allocator.free(out);
 
             const transfer_duration = transfer_start.durationTo(std.Io.Clock.awake.now(init.io));

examples/circle.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const gpu = @import("gpu");
+const GpuDevice = gpu.GpuDevice;
+const GpuArenaAllocator = gpu.GpuArenaAllocator;
+const GpuBuffer = gpu.GpuBuffer;
+const GpuRender = gpu.GpuRender;
+const GpuTexture = gpu.GpuTexture;
+const GpuTextureView = gpu.GpuTextureView;
+
+const width: u32 = 512;
+const height: u32 = 512;
+
+pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
+    const allocator = init.gpa;
+
+    // 1. Open GPU Device
+    const device = try GpuDevice.init(.{});
+    defer device.deinit();
+
+    // 2. Init VRAM Arena
+    var grena = GpuArenaAllocator.init(allocator, device.gpuAllocator());
+    defer grena.deinit();
+    const gloc = grena.gpuAllocator();
+
+    // 3. Load Render Pipeline
+    const circle_rp = try GpuRender.init(
+        gloc,
+        @embedFile("shaders/circle.wgsl"),
+        .{ .bindings = &.{}, .texture_format = .RGBA8Unorm, .topology = .TriangleStrip },
+    );
+    defer circle_rp.deinit();
+
+    // 4. Create VRAM texture to render into
+    const texture = try GpuTexture.init(gloc, .{
+        .format = .RGBA8Unorm,
+        .size = .{ .width = width, .height = height, .depthOrArrayLayers = 1 },
+        .usage = .initMany(&.{ .RenderAttachment, .CopySrc }),
+    });
+    defer texture.deinit();
+
+    // 5. Create a view from texture
+    const view = try GpuTextureView.init(gloc, texture, .{});
+    defer view.deinit();
+
+    // 6. Run the rendering pipeline
+    try circle_rp.draw(gloc, view, 4, .{});
+
+    // 7. Load Texture into GpuBuffer
+    const cpu_staging_cpu = try texture.buffCopy(gloc);
+    defer cpu_staging_cpu.deinit();
+
+    // 8. Read GpuBuffer to CPU
+    // This need to be free manually because CPU memory
+    const pixels = try cpu_staging_cpu.read(allocator, u8);
+    defer allocator.free(pixels);
+
+    // 9. Write a simple ppm image
+    try savePpm(init.io, "circle.ppm", width, height, pixels);
+}
+
+fn savePpm(io: std.Io, filename: []const u8, w: u32, h: u32, rgba_pixels: []const u8) !void {
+    const file = try std.Io.Dir.cwd().createFile(io, filename, .{});
+    defer file.close(io);
+
+    var buf: [255]u8 = undefined;
+    var writer = file.writer(io, &buf);
+
+    // PPM Header: P6 format means raw RGB bytes
+    try writer.interface.print("P6\n{d} {d}\n255\n", .{ w, h });
+
+    // Strip Alpha channel when writing out to standard RGB PPM format
+    var i: usize = 0;
+    while (i < rgba_pixels.len) : (i += 4) {
+        try writer.interface.writeAll(rgba_pixels[i .. i + 3]);
+    }
+}

examples/compute.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const gpu = @import("gpu");
+const GpuDevice = gpu.GpuDevice;
+const GpuArenaAllocator = gpu.GpuArenaAllocator;
+const GpuBuffer = gpu.GpuBuffer;
+const GpuCompute = gpu.GpuCompute;
+
+pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
+    const allocator = init.gpa;
+
+    // 1. Open GPU Device
+    const device = try GpuDevice.init(.{});
+    defer device.deinit();
+
+    // 2. Create a GPU Arena to manage VRAM
+    var grena = GpuArenaAllocator.init(allocator, device.gpuAllocator());
+    defer grena.deinit();
+    const gloc = grena.gpuAllocator();
+
+    // 3. Load the WGSL compute pipeline
+    const add_cp = try GpuCompute.init(
+        gloc,
+        @embedFile("shaders/add.wgsl"),
+        .{
+            .label = "add",
+            .bindings = &.{
+                .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+                .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+                .{ .element_size = @sizeOf(f16) },
+            },
+        },
+    );
+
+    // 4. Setup CPU data
+    const len: usize = 16;
+    const data_a = try allocator.alloc(f16, len);
+    defer allocator.free(data_a);
+    const data_b = try allocator.alloc(f16, len);
+    defer allocator.free(data_b);
+
+    for (0..len) |i| {
+        data_a[i] = @floatFromInt(i);
+        data_b[i] = @floatFromInt(len - 1 - i);
+    }
+
+    // 5. Initialize raw GPU Buffers
+    const byte_size = len * @sizeOf(f16);
+    const buf_a = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{ .label = "a", .size = byte_size, .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Storage, .CopyDst, .CopySrc }) });
+    const buf_b = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{ .label = "b", .size = byte_size, .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Storage, .CopyDst, .CopySrc }) });
+    const buf_out = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{ .label = "out", .size = byte_size, .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Storage, .CopyDst, .CopySrc }) });
+
+    // Note: Buffers are safely tied to the GpuArenaAllocator which will automatically
+    // release them at the end. You can also manually call buf_x.deinit() if desired.
+    // This will also release pipelines, textures, ect. Everything using a GpuAllocator to init.
+
+    // 6. Transfer data from CPU slices to GPU Buffers
+    try buf_a.load(f16, data_a);
+    try buf_b.load(f16, data_b);
+
+    // 7. Dispatch the Compute
+    try add_cp.run(gloc, .{ buf_a, buf_b, buf_out });
+
+    // 8. Map and copy the resulting buffer back to the CPU
+    const out = try buf_out.read(allocator, f16);
+    defer allocator.free(out);
+
+    std.debug.print("Result: {any}\n", .{out});
+}

examples/shaders/add.wgsl

@@ -3,11 +3,7 @@ enable f16;
 @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> A: array<f16>;
 @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> B: array<f16>;
 @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> C: array<f16>;
-
-struct TensorInfo {
-    size: u32,
-};
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> info: TensorInfo; 
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> size: u32; 
 
 @compute @workgroup_size(256)
 fn main(
@@ -21,7 +17,7 @@ fn main(
     var index = global_id.x;
     
     // 3. Stride through the tensor elements
-    while (index < info.size) {
+    while (index < size) {
         C[index] = A[index] + B[index];
         index += total_threads; // Jump forward by the total thread count
     }

examples/shaders/circle.wgsl

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+struct VertexOutput {
+    @builtin(position) position: vec4f,
+    @location(0) uv: vec2f,
+};
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) vertex_index: u32) -> VertexOutput {
+    var output: VertexOutput;
+    // Hardcoded fullscreen quad layout using 4 vertices (Triangle Strip)
+    // Indexes: 0: Top-Left, 1: Bottom-Left, 2: Top-Right, 3: Bottom-Right
+    var pos = array<vec2f, 4>(
+        vec2f(-1.0,  1.0),
+        vec2f(-1.0, -1.0),
+        vec2f( 1.0,  1.0),
+        vec2f( 1.0, -1.0)
+    );
+    
+    output.position = vec4f(pos[vertex_index], 0.0, 1.0);
+    output.uv = pos[vertex_index]; // Ranges cleanly from -1.0 to 1.0
+    return output;
+}
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(input: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4f {
+    // Distance from the center (0,0)
+    let distance = length(input.uv);
+    let radius = 0.5;
+    
+    // Smooth out pixel edges (anti-aliasing)
+    let edge_softness = 0.005;
+    let alpha = 1.0 - smoothstep(radius - edge_softness, radius + edge_softness, distance);
+    
+    if (alpha <= 0.0) {
+        discard; 
+    }
+    
+    // Draw a sharp/smooth red circle
+    return vec4f(1.0, 0.3, 0.3, alpha);
+}

src/GpuAllocator.zig

@@ -1,58 +1,59 @@
-const std = @import("std");
 const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
-const GpuBuffer = @import("GpuBuffer.zig");
 const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
 
+pub const VTable = struct {
+    allocBuffer: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUBufferDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUBuffer,
+    freeBuffer: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, buf_raw: c.WGPUBuffer) void,
+    allocTexture: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUTextureDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUTexture,
+    freeTexture: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, buf_raw: c.WGPUTexture) void,
+    allocTextureView: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, texture: c.WGPUTexture, desc: c.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUTextureView,
+    freeTextureView: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, buf_raw: c.WGPUTextureView) void,
+    allocRenderPipeline: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPURenderPipeline,
+    freeRenderPipeline: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, buf_raw: c.WGPURenderPipeline) void,
+    allocComputePipeline: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUComputePipeline,
+    freeComputePipeline: *const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, buf_raw: c.WGPUComputePipeline) void,
+};
+
 device: GpuDevice,
-tracked_buffers: std.AutoHashMap(c.WGPUBuffer, void),
-allocated_vram_bytes: u64 = 0,
+ptr: *anyopaque,
+vtable: *const VTable,
 
-pub fn init(cpu_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, device: GpuDevice) !@This() {
-    return .{
-        .device = device,
-        .tracked_buffers = .init(cpu_allocator),
-    };
+pub fn allocBuffer(self: @This(), desc: c.WGPUBufferDescriptor) !c.WGPUBuffer {
+    return self.vtable.allocBuffer(self.ptr, desc);
 }
 
-pub fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
-    var it = self.tracked_buffers.keyIterator();
-    while (it.next()) |buf_ptr| {
-        const buf = buf_ptr.*;
-        c.wgpuBufferDestroy(buf);
-        c.wgpuBufferRelease(buf);
-    }
-    self.tracked_buffers.deinit();
+pub fn freeBuffer(self: @This(), raw: c.WGPUBuffer) void {
+    self.vtable.freeBuffer(self.ptr, raw);
 }
 
-pub fn registerBuffer(
-    self: *@This(),
-    bytes: u64,
-    usage: c.WGPUBufferUsage,
-) !c.WGPUBuffer {
-    if (bytes > self.device.limits.maxBufferSize)
-        return error.SingleBufferExceedsLimit;
-
-    if (bytes + self.allocated_vram_bytes > self.device.config.vram_bytes_limit)
-        return error.ExceedsVramBudget;
-
-    const buf = c.wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(self.device.device, &.{
-        .usage = usage,
-        .size = bytes,
-    }) orelse return error.BufferAlloc;
-    errdefer {
-        c.wgpuBufferDestroy(buf);
-        c.wgpuBufferRelease(buf);
-    }
-
-    try self.tracked_buffers.put(buf, {});
-    self.allocated_vram_bytes += bytes;
-    return buf;
+pub fn allocTexture(self: @This(), desc: c.WGPUTextureDescriptor) !c.WGPUTexture {
+    return self.vtable.allocTexture(self.ptr, desc);
 }
 
-pub fn unregisterAndDestroyBuffer(self: *@This(), buf: GpuBuffer) void {
-    if (self.tracked_buffers.remove(buf.raw)) {
-        c.wgpuBufferDestroy(buf.raw);
-        c.wgpuBufferRelease(buf.raw);
-        self.allocated_vram_bytes -= buf.size;
-    }
+pub fn freeTexture(self: @This(), raw: c.WGPUTexture) void {
+    self.vtable.freeTexture(self.ptr, raw);
+}
+
+pub fn allocTextureView(self: @This(), texture: c.WGPUTexture, desc: c.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor) !c.WGPUTextureView {
+    return self.vtable.allocTextureView(self.ptr, texture, desc);
+}
+
+pub fn freeTextureView(self: @This(), raw: c.WGPUTextureView) void {
+    self.vtable.freeTextureView(self.ptr, raw);
+}
+
+pub fn allocRenderPipeline(self: @This(), desc: c.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor) !c.WGPURenderPipeline {
+    return self.vtable.allocRenderPipeline(self.ptr, desc);
+}
+
+pub fn freeRenderPipeline(self: @This(), raw: c.WGPURenderPipeline) void {
+    self.vtable.freeRenderPipeline(self.ptr, raw);
+}
+
+pub fn allocComputePipeline(self: @This(), desc: c.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor) !c.WGPUComputePipeline {
+    return self.vtable.allocComputePipeline(self.ptr, desc);
+}
+
+pub fn freeComputePipeline(self: @This(), raw: c.WGPUComputePipeline) void {
+    self.vtable.freeComputePipeline(self.ptr, raw);
 }

src/GpuArenaAllocator.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
+const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+const GpuTextureFormat = @import("lib.zig").GpuTextureFormat;
+const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
+const viewStr = @import("utils.zig").viewStr;
+
+child_allocator: GpuAllocator, // I use Zig naming child_allocator, but that should be a parent for me. Likely something idk
+tracked_buffers: std.AutoHashMap(c.WGPUBuffer, c.WGPUBufferDescriptor),
+tracked_textures: std.AutoHashMap(c.WGPUTexture, c.WGPUTextureDescriptor),
+tracked_views: std.AutoHashMap(c.WGPUTextureView, c.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor),
+tracked_renders: std.AutoHashMap(c.WGPURenderPipeline, c.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor),
+tracked_computes: std.AutoHashMap(c.WGPUComputePipeline, c.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor),
+allocated_vram_bytes: u64 = 0,
+
+pub fn init(cpu_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, child_allocator: GpuAllocator) @This() {
+    return .{
+        .child_allocator = child_allocator,
+        .tracked_buffers = .init(cpu_allocator),
+        .tracked_textures = .init(cpu_allocator),
+        .tracked_views = .init(cpu_allocator),
+        .tracked_computes = .init(cpu_allocator),
+        .tracked_renders = .init(cpu_allocator),
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
+    std.log.debug("Freeing GpuArenaAllocator (Used VRAM: {}/{} MB)", .{
+        self.allocated_vram_bytes / 1024 / 1024,
+        self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit / 1024 / 1024,
+    });
+
+    var it_buffer = self.tracked_buffers.keyIterator();
+    while (it_buffer.next()) |buf_ptr|
+        freeBuffer(self, buf_ptr.*);
+    self.tracked_buffers.deinit();
+
+    var it_tex = self.tracked_textures.keyIterator();
+    while (it_tex.next()) |buf_ptr|
+        freeTexture(self, buf_ptr.*);
+    self.tracked_textures.deinit();
+
+    var it_view = self.tracked_views.keyIterator();
+    while (it_view.next()) |buf_ptr|
+        freeTextureView(self, buf_ptr.*);
+    self.tracked_views.deinit();
+
+    var it_render = self.tracked_renders.keyIterator();
+    while (it_render.next()) |buf_ptr|
+        freeRenderPipeline(self, buf_ptr.*);
+    self.tracked_renders.deinit();
+
+    var it_compute = self.tracked_computes.keyIterator();
+    while (it_compute.next()) |buf_ptr|
+        freeComputePipeline(self, buf_ptr.*);
+    self.tracked_computes.deinit();
+
+    std.log.debug("Freed GpuArenaAllocator (Used VRAM: {}/{} MB)", .{
+        self.allocated_vram_bytes / 1024 / 1024,
+        self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit / 1024 / 1024,
+    });
+}
+
+/// Returns the type-erased immutable interface wrapper
+pub fn gpuAllocator(self: *@This()) GpuAllocator {
+    return .{
+        .device = self.child_allocator.device,
+        .ptr = self,
+        .vtable = &.{
+            .allocBuffer = allocBuffer,
+            .freeBuffer = freeBuffer,
+            .allocTexture = allocTexture,
+            .freeTexture = freeTexture,
+            .allocTextureView = allocTextureView,
+            .freeTextureView = freeTextureView,
+            .allocRenderPipeline = allocRenderPipeline,
+            .freeRenderPipeline = freeRenderPipeline,
+            .allocComputePipeline = allocComputePipeline,
+            .freeComputePipeline = freeComputePipeline,
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+// NOTE: I use ensureTotalCapacity so I know that try self.tracked_x.put will not fail!
+// Like that I dont have to use errdefer to release what I just allocated in VRAM
+
+fn allocBuffer(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUBufferDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUBuffer {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    try self.tracked_buffers.ensureTotalCapacity(self.tracked_buffers.count() + 1);
+
+    const bytes = desc.size;
+    if (bytes > self.child_allocator.device.limits.maxBufferSize)
+        return error.SingleBufferExceedsLimit;
+
+    if (bytes + self.allocated_vram_bytes > self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit)
+        return error.ExceedsVramBudget;
+
+    const raw = try self.child_allocator.allocBuffer(desc);
+    self.tracked_buffers.putAssumeCapacity(raw, desc);
+    self.allocated_vram_bytes += desc.size;
+
+    std.log.debug("Allocated Buffer '{s}': {d} B (Total VRAM: {}/{} MB)", .{
+        viewStr(desc.label),
+        desc.size,
+        self.allocated_vram_bytes / 1024 / 1024,
+        self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit / 1024 / 1024,
+    });
+
+    return raw;
+}
+
+fn freeBuffer(ctx: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUBuffer) void {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    if (self.tracked_buffers.fetchRemove(raw)) |kv| {
+        self.child_allocator.freeBuffer(raw);
+        self.allocated_vram_bytes -= kv.value.size;
+
+        std.log.debug("Freed Buffer '{s}' (Total VRAM: {}/{} MB)", .{
+            viewStr(kv.value.label),
+            self.allocated_vram_bytes / 1024 / 1024,
+            self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit / 1024 / 1024,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn allocTexture(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUTextureDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUTexture {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    try self.tracked_textures.ensureTotalCapacity(self.tracked_textures.count() + 1);
+
+    const format: GpuTextureFormat = @enumFromInt(desc.format);
+    const bytes_size = desc.size.width * desc.size.height * format.bytesPerPixel();
+
+    if (bytes_size + self.allocated_vram_bytes > self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit)
+        return error.ExceedsVramBudget;
+
+    const raw = try self.child_allocator.allocTexture(desc);
+
+    self.tracked_textures.putAssumeCapacity(raw, desc);
+    self.allocated_vram_bytes += bytes_size;
+
+    std.log.debug("Allocated Texture '{s}': {d} B (Total VRAM: {}/{} MB)", .{
+        viewStr(desc.label),
+        bytes_size,
+        self.allocated_vram_bytes / 1024 / 1024,
+        self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit / 1024 / 1024,
+    });
+
+    return raw;
+}
+
+fn freeTexture(ctx: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUTexture) void {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+
+    if (self.tracked_textures.fetchRemove(raw)) |kv| {
+        self.child_allocator.freeTexture(raw);
+
+        const desc = kv.value;
+        const format: GpuTextureFormat = @enumFromInt(desc.format);
+        const bytes_size = desc.size.width * desc.size.height * format.bytesPerPixel();
+        self.allocated_vram_bytes -= bytes_size;
+
+        std.log.debug("Freed Texture '{s}' (Total VRAM: {}/{} MB)", .{
+            viewStr(desc.label),
+            self.allocated_vram_bytes / 1024 / 1024,
+            self.child_allocator.device.def.vram_bytes_limit / 1024 / 1024,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn allocTextureView(ctx: *anyopaque, texture: c.WGPUTexture, desc: c.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUTextureView {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    try self.tracked_views.ensureTotalCapacity(self.tracked_views.count() + 1);
+    const raw = try self.child_allocator.allocTextureView(texture, desc);
+    self.tracked_views.putAssumeCapacity(raw, desc);
+    std.log.debug("Allocated Texture View '{s}'", .{viewStr(desc.label)});
+    return raw;
+}
+
+fn freeTextureView(ctx: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUTextureView) void {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    if (self.tracked_views.fetchRemove(raw)) |kv| {
+        self.child_allocator.freeTextureView(raw);
+        const desc = kv.value;
+        std.log.debug("Freed Texture View '{s}'", .{viewStr(desc.label)});
+    }
+}
+
+fn allocRenderPipeline(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPURenderPipeline {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    try self.tracked_renders.ensureTotalCapacity(self.tracked_renders.count() + 1);
+    const raw = try self.child_allocator.allocRenderPipeline(desc);
+    self.tracked_renders.putAssumeCapacity(raw, desc);
+    std.log.debug("Allocated Render Pipeline '{s}'", .{viewStr(desc.label)});
+    return raw;
+}
+
+fn freeRenderPipeline(ctx: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPURenderPipeline) void {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    if (self.tracked_renders.fetchRemove(raw)) |kv| {
+        self.child_allocator.freeRenderPipeline(raw);
+        const desc = kv.value;
+        std.log.debug("Freed Render Pipeline '{s}'", .{viewStr(desc.label)});
+    }
+}
+
+fn allocComputePipeline(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUComputePipeline {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    try self.tracked_computes.ensureTotalCapacity(self.tracked_computes.count() + 1);
+    const raw = try self.child_allocator.allocComputePipeline(desc);
+    self.tracked_computes.putAssumeCapacity(raw, desc);
+    std.log.debug("Allocated Compute Pipeline '{s}'", .{viewStr(desc.label)});
+    return raw;
+}
+
+fn freeComputePipeline(ctx: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUComputePipeline) void {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    if (self.tracked_computes.fetchRemove(raw)) |kv| {
+        self.child_allocator.freeComputePipeline(raw);
+        const desc = kv.value;
+        std.log.debug("Freed Compute Pipeline '{s}'", .{viewStr(desc.label)});
+    }
+}

src/GpuBuffer.zig

@@ -1,34 +1,62 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
 const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+const svOpt = @import("utils.zig").svOpt;
 
 raw: c.WGPUBuffer,
 size: u64,
 usage: c.WGPUBufferUsage,
-gloc: *GpuAllocator,
+gloc: GpuAllocator,
 
-/// Allocates the underlying WebGPU handle and registers it to the parent GpuAllocator
-pub fn init(gloc: *GpuAllocator, T: type, len: usize, usage: c.WGPUBufferUsage) !@This() {
-    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
-        .int, .float => {},
-        else => @compileError("GpuBuffer can only use int and float type"),
-    }
-    const bytes = @sizeOf(T) * len;
-    const raw_handle = try gloc.registerBuffer(bytes, usage);
+const BufferUsage = enum(u64) {
+    None = 0x0000000000000000,
+    MapRead = 0x0000000000000001,
+    MapWrite = 0x0000000000000002,
+    CopySrc = 0x0000000000000004,
+    CopyDst = 0x0000000000000008,
+    Index = 0x0000000000000010,
+    Vertex = 0x0000000000000020,
+    Uniform = 0x0000000000000040,
+    Storage = 0x0000000000000080,
+    Indirect = 0x0000000000000100,
+    QueryResolve = 0x0000000000000200,
+};
+
+const GpuBufferDef = struct {
+    label: ?[]const u8 = null,
+    size: u64,
+    usage: std.EnumSet(BufferUsage),
+};
+
+pub fn init(gloc: GpuAllocator, def: GpuBufferDef) !@This() {
+    var use: u64 = 0;
+    var iter = def.usage.iterator();
+    while (iter.next()) |flag| use |= @intFromEnum(flag);
+
+    // Automatically align the buffer size forward to a multiple of 4 bytes under the hood
+    const aligned_size = std.mem.alignForward(u64, def.size, 4);
+
+    const raw_handle = try gloc.allocBuffer(.{
+        .size = aligned_size,
+        .usage = use,
+        .label = svOpt(def.label),
+    });
     return .{
         .raw = raw_handle,
-        .size = bytes,
-        .usage = usage,
+        .size = aligned_size,
+        .usage = use,
         .gloc = gloc,
     };
 }
 
-/// Unregisters from the parent GpuAllocator and cleanly destroys GPU resources
 pub fn deinit(self: @This()) void {
-    self.gloc.unregisterAndDestroyBuffer(self);
+    self.gloc.freeBuffer(self.raw);
+}
+
+pub fn getConstMappedRange(self: @This(), offset: u64, size: u64) ?*const anyopaque {
+    return c.wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(self.raw, offset, size);
 }
 
-/// Native mapAsync wrapper
 pub fn mapAsync(
     self: @This(),
     mode: c.WGPUMapMode,
@@ -39,12 +67,79 @@ pub fn mapAsync(
     _ = c.wgpuBufferMapAsync(self.raw, mode, offset, size, callback_info);
 }
 
-/// Native getConstMappedRange wrapper
-pub fn getConstMappedRange(self: @This(), offset: u64, size: u64) ?*const anyopaque {
-    return c.wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(self.raw, offset, size);
-}
-
-/// Native unmap wrapper
 pub fn unmap(self: @This()) void {
     c.wgpuBufferUnmap(self.raw);
 }
+
+/// CPU to GPU
+pub fn load(
+    self: @This(),
+    T: type,
+    data: []const T,
+) !void {
+    const bytes = data.len * @sizeOf(T);
+
+    if (bytes == self.size) {
+        // Aligned path: direct download
+        c.wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(self.gloc.device.queue, self.raw, 0, data.ptr, self.size);
+    } else {
+        // Unaligned path: Split the write into an aligned chunk and a padded remainder
+        // to support arbitrary lengths without any allocations or large stack arrays.
+        const aligned_part = (bytes / 4) * 4;
+        if (aligned_part > 0) {
+            c.wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(self.gloc.device.queue, self.raw, 0, data.ptr, aligned_part);
+        }
+
+        var remainder_buf: [4]u8 = .{ 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        const data_bytes = std.mem.sliceAsBytes(data);
+        @memcpy(remainder_buf[0 .. bytes - aligned_part], data_bytes[aligned_part..bytes]);
+
+        c.wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(self.gloc.device.queue, self.raw, aligned_part, &remainder_buf, 4);
+    }
+}
+
+/// GPU to CPU
+pub fn read(self: @This(), alloc: std.mem.Allocator, T: type) ![]T {
+    const out = try alloc.alloc(T, @divExact(self.size, @sizeOf(T)));
+
+    const staging = try init(self.gloc, .{
+        .size = self.size,
+        .usage = .initMany(&.{ .MapRead, .CopyDst }),
+        .label = "staging_read_buffer",
+    });
+    defer staging.deinit();
+
+    const enc = c.wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(self.gloc.device.device, null) orelse return error.Encoder;
+    c.wgpuCommandEncoderCopyBufferToBuffer(enc, self.raw, 0, staging.raw, 0, self.size);
+    const cmd = c.wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, null);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
+    c.wgpuQueueSubmit(self.gloc.device.queue, 1, &cmd);
+
+    var mapped = false;
+    staging.mapAsync(
+        c.WGPUMapMode_Read,
+        0,
+        self.size,
+        .{ .callback = onMapped, .userdata1 = &mapped },
+    );
+    while (!mapped) self.gloc.device.poll();
+
+    const ptr: [*]const T = @ptrCast(@alignCast(
+        staging.getConstMappedRange(0, self.size),
+    ));
+    @memcpy(out[0..out.len], ptr[0..out.len]);
+    staging.unmap();
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+fn onMapped(
+    status: c.WGPUMapAsyncStatus,
+    _: c.WGPUStringView,
+    userdata1: ?*anyopaque,
+    _: ?*anyopaque,
+) callconv(.c) void {
+    const flag: *bool = @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata1.?));
+    flag.* = (status == c.WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Success);
+}

src/GpuCompute.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
+const sv = @import("utils.zig").sv;
+const svOpt = @import("utils.zig").svOpt;
+const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+const GpuBuffer = @import("GpuBuffer.zig");
+const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
+
+pub const Binding = struct {
+    /// Element size in bytes for this binding. E.g. @sizeOf(f32).
+    /// If 0, no element-based size validation is performed for this buffer.
+    element_size: u32 = 0,
+};
+
+pub const ComputeDef = struct {
+    label: ?[]const u8 = null,
+    bindings: []const Binding,
+    workgroup_size: u32 = 256,
+    max_workgroups: u32 = 65535,
+    /// If true, automatically adds a Uniform Buffer containing `elements_count` as a `u32`
+    /// to the next available binding slot.
+    append_info_buffer: bool = true,
+};
+
+pip: c.WGPUComputePipeline,
+gloc: GpuAllocator,
+def: ComputeDef,
+
+pub fn init(gloc: GpuAllocator, wgsl: []const u8, def: ComputeDef) !@This() {
+    var wgsl_src = c.WGPUShaderSourceWGSL{
+        .chain = .{ .sType = c.WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL },
+        .code = sv(wgsl),
+    };
+    const shader = c.wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(gloc.device.device, &.{
+        .nextInChain = @ptrCast(&wgsl_src),
+    }) orelse return error.Shader;
+    defer c.wgpuShaderModuleRelease(shader);
+
+    const pip = try gloc.allocComputePipeline(.{
+        .label = svOpt(def.label),
+        .compute = .{ .module = shader, .entryPoint = sv("main") },
+    });
+
+    return .{
+        .gloc = gloc,
+        .pip = pip,
+        .def = def,
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(self: @This()) void {
+    self.gloc.freeComputePipeline(self.pip);
+}
+
+/// Execute the compute pass with arbitrary buffer bindings via a tuple.
+/// Example: `try proc.run(gloc, .{ buf_a, buf_b, buf_out });`
+pub fn run(
+    self: @This(),
+    gloc: GpuAllocator,
+    args: anytype,
+) !void {
+    const type_info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(args));
+    if (type_info != .@"struct" or !type_info.@"struct".is_tuple)
+        @compileError("Expected a tuple of GpuBuffers for args. E.g. .{ buf_a, buf_b }");
+
+    const fields = type_info.@"struct".fields;
+    if (fields.len != self.def.bindings.len)
+        return error.InvalidArgumentCount;
+
+    var elements_count: u32 = 0;
+
+    // Infer elements_count from the first arg with a defined element_size
+    inline for (fields, 0..) |field, i| {
+        if (elements_count == 0) {
+            const buf = @field(args, field.name);
+            const el_size = self.def.bindings[i].element_size;
+            if (el_size > 0) {
+                elements_count = @intCast(buf.size / el_size);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Validate runtime buffer sizes before dispatching
+    inline for (fields, 0..) |field, i| {
+        const buf = @field(args, field.name);
+        const el_size = self.def.bindings[i].element_size;
+        if (el_size > 0) {
+            const expected_min_bytes = @as(u64, elements_count) * el_size;
+            if (buf.size < expected_min_bytes)
+                return error.BufferTooSmall;
+        }
+    }
+
+    var entries_buf: [32]c.WGPUBindGroupEntry = undefined;
+    var entry_count: usize = 0;
+
+    // Unpack tuple into WebGPU BindGroupEntries
+    inline for (fields, 0..) |field, i| {
+        const buf = @field(args, field.name);
+        if (@TypeOf(buf) != GpuBuffer) {
+            @compileError("All arguments in the tuple must be of type GpuBuffer");
+        }
+        entries_buf[entry_count] = .{
+            .binding = @intCast(i),
+            .buffer = buf.raw,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = buf.size, // Size exposes the fully allocated length
+        };
+        entry_count += 1;
+    }
+
+    // Optional uniform dispatch buffer appended at the end
+    var info_buf: ?GpuBuffer = null;
+    defer if (info_buf) |b| b.deinit();
+
+    if (self.def.append_info_buffer) {
+        info_buf = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{
+            .size = @sizeOf(u32),
+            .usage = .initMany(&.{ .Uniform, .CopyDst }),
+            .label = "compute_info_buffer",
+        });
+        c.wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(gloc.device.queue, info_buf.?.raw, 0, &elements_count, @sizeOf(u32));
+
+        entries_buf[entry_count] = .{
+            .binding = @intCast(entry_count),
+            .buffer = info_buf.?.raw,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = @sizeOf(u32),
+        };
+        entry_count += 1;
+    }
+
+    const entries = entries_buf[0..entry_count];
+    try submitPass(gloc, self.pip, entries, elements_count, self.def.workgroup_size, self.def.max_workgroups);
+}
+
+fn submitPass(
+    gloc: GpuAllocator,
+    pipeline: c.WGPUComputePipeline,
+    entries: []const c.WGPUBindGroupEntry,
+    n: usize,
+    workgroup_size: u32,
+    max_workgroups: u32,
+) !void {
+    if (n == 0) return;
+
+    const bgl = c.wgpuComputePipelineGetBindGroupLayout(pipeline, 0);
+    defer c.wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(bgl);
+
+    const bg = c.wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(gloc.device.device, &.{
+        .layout = bgl,
+        .entries = entries.ptr,
+        .entryCount = entries.len,
+    }) orelse return error.BindGroup;
+    defer c.wgpuBindGroupRelease(bg);
+
+    const enc = c.wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(gloc.device.device, null) orelse return error.Encoder;
+    const pass = c.wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass(enc, null);
+    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, pipeline);
+    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, bg, 0, null);
+
+    const desired_workgroups = ceilDiv(n, workgroup_size);
+    const dispatch_count = @min(desired_workgroups, max_workgroups);
+
+    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroups(pass, @intCast(dispatch_count), 1, 1);
+    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd(pass);
+    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderRelease(pass);
+
+    const cmd = c.wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, null);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
+    c.wgpuQueueSubmit(gloc.device.queue, 1, &cmd);
+}
+
+fn ceilDiv(n: usize, d: usize) usize {
+    return (n + d - 1) / d;
+}

src/GpuDevice.zig

@@ -1,15 +1,25 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
 const sv = @import("utils.zig").sv;
+const svOpt = @import("utils.zig").svOpt;
+const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+const GpuTextureFormat = @import("lib.zig").GpuTextureFormat;
 
 const Ctx = struct {
     adapter: c.WGPUAdapter = null,
     device: c.WGPUDevice = null,
 };
 
-const GpuDeviceConfig = struct {
+const GpuDeviceDef = struct {
+    label: ?[]const u8 = null,
     /// VRAM limit. Default 2 GB
     vram_bytes_limit: u64 = 2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
+    power_preference: enum(c_uint) {
+        Undefined = 0x00000000,
+        LowPower = 0x00000001,
+        HighPerformance = 0x00000002,
+        Force32 = 0x7FFFFFFF,
+    } = .HighPerformance,
 };
 
 instance: c.WGPUInstance,
@@ -18,9 +28,9 @@ device: c.WGPUDevice,
 queue: c.WGPUQueue,
 limits: c.WGPULimits,
 
-config: GpuDeviceConfig,
+def: GpuDeviceDef,
 
-pub fn init(config: GpuDeviceConfig) !@This() {
+pub fn init(def: GpuDeviceDef) !@This() {
     const instance = c.wgpuCreateInstance(
         &std.mem.zeroes(c.WGPUInstanceDescriptor),
     ) orelse return error.NoInstance;
@@ -29,13 +39,25 @@ pub fn init(config: GpuDeviceConfig) !@This() {
     var ctx = Ctx{};
     _ = c.wgpuInstanceRequestAdapter(
         instance,
-        &.{ .powerPreference = c.WGPUPowerPreference_HighPerformance },
+        &.{ .powerPreference = @intFromEnum(def.power_preference) },
         .{ .callback = onAdapter, .userdata1 = &ctx },
     );
     c.wgpuInstanceProcessEvents(instance);
     const adapter = ctx.adapter orelse return error.NoAdapter;
     errdefer c.wgpuAdapterRelease(adapter);
 
+    var adapter_info = std.mem.zeroes(c.WGPUAdapterInfo);
+    _ = c.wgpuAdapterGetInfo(adapter, &adapter_info);
+
+    std.log.info("=== WebGPU Device Initialized ===", .{});
+    if (adapter_info.device.length > 0 and adapter_info.device.data != null) {
+        std.log.info("  Device Name  : {s}", .{adapter_info.device.data[0..adapter_info.device.length]});
+    }
+    if (adapter_info.architecture.length > 0 and adapter_info.architecture.data != null) {
+        std.log.info("  Architecture : {s}", .{adapter_info.architecture.data[0..adapter_info.architecture.length]});
+    }
+    std.log.info("  Backend Type : {d}", .{adapter_info.backendType});
+
     var supported_features = std.mem.zeroes(c.WGPUSupportedFeatures);
     c.wgpuAdapterGetFeatures(adapter, &supported_features);
 
@@ -43,6 +65,11 @@ pub fn init(config: GpuDeviceConfig) !@This() {
     supported_limits.nextInChain = null;
     if (c.wgpuAdapterGetLimits(adapter, &supported_limits) != 1) return error.FailedToGetAdapterLimits;
 
+    std.log.info("  Max Buf Size : {d} MB", .{supported_limits.maxBufferSize / 1024 / 1024});
+    std.log.info("  Max Storage  : {d} MB", .{supported_limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize / 1024 / 1024});
+    std.log.info("  Max Workgroup: X: {d}, Y: {d}, Z: {d}", .{ supported_limits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX, supported_limits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY, supported_limits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ });
+    std.log.info("  VRAM Budget  : {d} MB", .{def.vram_bytes_limit / 1024 / 1024});
+
     var has_f16 = false;
     for (0..supported_features.featureCount) |i| {
         if (supported_features.features[i] == c.WGPUFeatureName_ShaderF16) {
@@ -50,6 +77,8 @@ pub fn init(config: GpuDeviceConfig) !@This() {
             break;
         }
     }
+    std.log.info("  Shader F16   : {}", .{has_f16});
+    std.log.info("=================================", .{});
 
     var feature_buf = [_]c.WGPUFeatureName{c.WGPUFeatureName_ShaderF16};
     const required_features: []const c.WGPUFeatureName =
@@ -57,7 +86,7 @@ pub fn init(config: GpuDeviceConfig) !@This() {
 
     const device_descriptor = c.WGPUDeviceDescriptor{
         .nextInChain = null,
-        .label = sv("TensorCompilerDevice"),
+        .label = svOpt(def.label),
         .requiredFeatureCount = required_features.len,
         .requiredFeatures = if (required_features.len > 0) required_features.ptr else null,
         .requiredLimits = &supported_limits,
@@ -76,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn init(config: GpuDeviceConfig) !@This() {
         .device = device,
         .queue = c.wgpuDeviceGetQueue(device),
         .limits = supported_limits,
-        .config = config,
+        .def = def,
     };
 }
 
@@ -87,7 +116,8 @@ pub fn deinit(self: @This()) void {
     c.wgpuInstanceRelease(self.instance);
 }
 
-pub fn poll(self: *@This()) void {
+/// Wait for thing to be done
+pub fn poll(self: @This()) void {
     _ = c.wgpuDevicePoll(self.device, 1, null);
 }
 
@@ -120,3 +150,75 @@ fn onDevice(
     const ctx: *Ctx = @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata1.?));
     ctx.device = device;
 }
+
+// Allocation stuff
+
+/// Returns the type-erased immutable interface wrapper
+pub fn gpuAllocator(self: *const @This()) GpuAllocator {
+    return .{
+        .device = self.*,
+        .ptr = @ptrCast(@constCast(self)),
+        .vtable = &.{
+            .allocBuffer = allocBuffer,
+            .freeBuffer = freeBuffer,
+            .allocTexture = allocTexture,
+            .freeTexture = freeTexture,
+            .allocTextureView = allocTextureView,
+            .freeTextureView = freeTextureView,
+            .allocRenderPipeline = allocRenderPipeline,
+            .freeRenderPipeline = freeRenderPipeline,
+            .allocComputePipeline = allocComputePipeline,
+            .freeComputePipeline = freeComputePipeline,
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+fn allocBuffer(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUBufferDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUBuffer {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    if (desc.size > self.limits.maxBufferSize)
+        return error.SingleBufferExceedsLimit;
+    return c.wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(self.device, &desc) orelse return error.BufferAlloc;
+}
+
+fn freeBuffer(_: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUBuffer) void {
+    c.wgpuBufferDestroy(raw);
+    c.wgpuBufferRelease(raw);
+}
+
+fn allocTexture(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUTextureDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUTexture {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    const format: GpuTextureFormat = @enumFromInt(desc.format);
+    if (desc.size.width * desc.size.height * format.bytesPerPixel() > self.limits.maxBufferSize)
+        return error.SingleBufferExceedsLimit;
+    return c.wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(self.device, &desc) orelse return error.Texture;
+}
+
+fn freeTexture(_: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUTexture) void {
+    c.wgpuTextureRelease(raw);
+}
+
+fn allocTextureView(_: *anyopaque, texture: c.WGPUTexture, desc: c.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUTextureView {
+    return c.wgpuTextureCreateView(texture, &desc) orelse return error.View;
+}
+
+fn freeTextureView(_: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUTextureView) void {
+    c.wgpuTextureViewRelease(raw);
+}
+
+fn allocRenderPipeline(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPURenderPipeline {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    return c.wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(self.device, &desc) orelse return error.Pipeline;
+}
+
+fn freeRenderPipeline(_: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPURenderPipeline) void {
+    c.wgpuRenderPipelineRelease(raw);
+}
+
+fn allocComputePipeline(ctx: *anyopaque, desc: c.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor) anyerror!c.WGPUComputePipeline {
+    const self: *@This() = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
+    return c.wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipeline(self.device, &desc) orelse return error.Pipeline;
+}
+
+fn freeComputePipeline(_: *anyopaque, raw: c.WGPUComputePipeline) void {
+    c.wgpuComputePipelineRelease(raw);
+}

src/GpuPipeline.zig

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-const std = @import("std");
-const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
-const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
-const sv = @import("utils.zig").sv;
-
-raw: c.WGPUComputePipeline,
-
-pub fn init(device: GpuDevice, wgsl: []const u8) !@This() {
-    var wgsl_src = c.WGPUShaderSourceWGSL{
-        .chain = .{ .sType = c.WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL },
-        .code = sv(wgsl),
-    };
-    const shader = c.wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(device.device, &.{
-        .nextInChain = @ptrCast(&wgsl_src),
-    }) orelse return error.Shader;
-    defer c.wgpuShaderModuleRelease(shader);
-
-    return .{ .raw = c.wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipeline(device.device, &.{
-        .compute = .{ .module = shader, .entryPoint = sv("main") },
-    }) orelse return error.Pipeline };
-}
-
-pub fn deinit(self: @This()) void {
-    c.wgpuComputePipelineRelease(self.raw);
-}

src/GpuRender.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
+const sv = @import("utils.zig").sv;
+const svOpt = @import("utils.zig").svOpt;
+const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+const GpuBuffer = @import("GpuBuffer.zig");
+const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
+const GpuTextureView = @import("GpuTextureView.zig");
+const GpuTextureFormat = @import("lib.zig").GpuTextureFormat;
+
+pub const Binding = struct {
+    element_size: u32 = 0,
+};
+
+pub const GpuRenderDef = struct {
+    label: ?[]const u8 = null,
+    bindings: []const Binding = &.{},
+    /// The surface texture format we are rendering to (e.g., BGRA8Unorm)
+    texture_format: GpuTextureFormat,
+    /// The names of the entry points inside your WGSL code
+    vertex_entry: []const u8 = "vs_main",
+    fragment_entry: []const u8 = "fs_main",
+    /// Primitive topology, default to triangle list
+    topology: GpuPrimitiveTopology = .TriangleList,
+};
+
+const GpuPrimitiveTopology = enum(c_uint) {
+    Undefined = 0x00000000,
+    PointList = 0x00000001,
+    LineList = 0x00000002,
+    LineStrip = 0x00000003,
+    TriangleList = 0x00000004,
+    TriangleStrip = 0x00000005,
+    Force32 = 0x7FFFFFFF,
+};
+
+gloc: GpuAllocator,
+pip: c.WGPURenderPipeline,
+def: GpuRenderDef,
+
+pub fn init(gloc: GpuAllocator, wgsl: []const u8, def: GpuRenderDef) !@This() {
+    var wgsl_src = c.WGPUShaderSourceWGSL{
+        .chain = .{ .sType = c.WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL },
+        .code = sv(wgsl),
+    };
+    const shader = c.wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(gloc.device.device, &.{
+        .nextInChain = @ptrCast(&wgsl_src),
+    }) orelse return error.Shader;
+    defer c.wgpuShaderModuleRelease(shader);
+
+    // 1. Setup the Color Target State (where the fragment shader outputs)
+    const blend = c.WGPUBlendState{
+        .color = .{ .operation = c.WGPUBlendOperation_Add, .srcFactor = c.WGPUBlendFactor_SrcAlpha, .dstFactor = c.WGPUBlendFactor_OneMinusSrcAlpha },
+        .alpha = .{ .operation = c.WGPUBlendOperation_Add, .srcFactor = c.WGPUBlendFactor_One, .dstFactor = c.WGPUBlendFactor_Zero },
+    };
+
+    const color_target = c.WGPUColorTargetState{
+        .format = @intFromEnum(def.texture_format),
+        .blend = &blend,
+        .writeMask = c.WGPUColorWriteMask_All,
+    };
+
+    // 2. Setup the Fragment State
+    const fragment_state = c.WGPUFragmentState{
+        .module = shader,
+        .entryPoint = sv(def.fragment_entry),
+        .targetCount = 1,
+        .targets = &color_target,
+    };
+
+    // 3. Compile the Complete Render Pipeline
+    const pip = try gloc.allocRenderPipeline(.{
+        .label = svOpt(def.label),
+        .vertex = .{
+            .module = shader,
+            .entryPoint = sv(def.vertex_entry),
+        },
+        .primitive = .{
+            .topology = @intFromEnum(def.topology),
+            .stripIndexFormat = c.WGPUIndexFormat_Undefined,
+            .frontFace = c.WGPUFrontFace_CCW,
+            .cullMode = c.WGPUCullMode_None,
+        },
+        .multisample = .{
+            .count = 1,
+            .mask = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+            .alphaToCoverageEnabled = 0,
+        },
+        .fragment = &fragment_state,
+    });
+
+    return .{
+        .gloc = gloc,
+        .pip = pip,
+        .def = def,
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(self: @This()) void {
+    self.gloc.freeRenderPipeline(self.pip);
+}
+
+/// Execute the render pass targeting a specific frame texture view.
+/// Passes bind groups via a tuple exactly like your original compute setup.
+pub fn draw(
+    self: @This(),
+    gloc: GpuAllocator,
+    target_view: GpuTextureView,
+    vertex_count: u32,
+    args: anytype,
+) !void {
+    const type_info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(args));
+    if (type_info != .@"struct" or !type_info.@"struct".is_tuple)
+        @compileError("Expected a tuple of GpuBuffers for args. E.g. .{ uniform_buf }");
+
+    const fields = type_info.@"struct".fields;
+    if (fields.len != self.def.bindings.len)
+        return error.InvalidArgumentCount;
+
+    var entries_buf: [32]c.WGPUBindGroupEntry = undefined;
+
+    inline for (fields, 0..) |field, i| {
+        const buf = @field(args, field.name);
+        if (@TypeOf(buf) != GpuBuffer) {
+            @compileError("All arguments in the tuple must be of type GpuBuffer");
+        }
+        entries_buf[i] = .{
+            .binding = @intCast(i),
+            .buffer = buf.raw,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = buf.size,
+        };
+    }
+
+    const entries = entries_buf[0..fields.len];
+
+    // Create Render Bind Group from layout
+    const bgl = c.wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout(self.pip, 0);
+    defer c.wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(bgl);
+
+    const bg = c.wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(gloc.device.device, &.{
+        .layout = bgl,
+        .entries = entries.ptr,
+        .entryCount = @intCast(entries.len),
+    }) orelse return error.BindGroup;
+    defer c.wgpuBindGroupRelease(bg);
+
+    // Encode Render Command
+    const enc = c.wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(gloc.device.device, null) orelse return error.Encoder;
+    defer c.wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
+
+    const color_attachment = c.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment{
+        .view = target_view.raw,
+        .resolveTarget = null,
+        .loadOp = c.WGPULoadOp_Clear,
+        .storeOp = c.WGPUStoreOp_Store,
+        .clearValue = .{ .r = 0.1, .g = 0.1, .b = 0.1, .a = 1.0 },
+        .depthSlice = c.WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED,
+    };
+
+    const pass_desc = c.WGPURenderPassDescriptor{
+        .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+        .colorAttachments = &color_attachment,
+        .depthStencilAttachment = null,
+    };
+
+    const pass = c.wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(enc, &pass_desc);
+    c.wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, self.pip);
+
+    if (fields.len > 0) {
+        c.wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, bg, 0, null);
+    }
+
+    // Draw! (Instead of Compute Dispatch)
+    c.wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, vertex_count, 1, 0, 0);
+
+    c.wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(pass);
+    c.wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(pass);
+
+    const cmd = c.wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, null);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
+
+    c.wgpuQueueSubmit(gloc.device.queue, 1, &cmd);
+}

src/GpuTexture.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
+const svOpt = @import("utils.zig").svOpt;
+const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+const GpuBuffer = @import("GpuBuffer.zig");
+const GpuTextureFormat = @import("lib.zig").GpuTextureFormat;
+const GpuTextureUsage = @import("lib.zig").GpuTextureUsage;
+
+pub const GpuTextureDef = struct {
+    label: ?[]const u8 = null,
+    size: c.WGPUExtent3D,
+    usage: std.EnumSet(GpuTextureUsage),
+    format: GpuTextureFormat,
+};
+
+raw: c.WGPUTexture,
+gloc: GpuAllocator,
+def: GpuTextureDef,
+
+pub fn init(gloc: GpuAllocator, def: GpuTextureDef) !@This() {
+    var use: u64 = 0;
+    var iter = def.usage.iterator();
+    while (iter.next()) |flag| use |= @intFromEnum(flag);
+
+    const desc = c.WGPUTextureDescriptor{
+        .label = svOpt(def.label),
+        .usage = use,
+        .dimension = c.WGPUTextureDimension_2D,
+        .size = def.size,
+        .format = @intFromEnum(def.format),
+        .mipLevelCount = 1,
+        .sampleCount = 1,
+    };
+    const raw = try gloc.allocTexture(desc);
+
+    return .{ .gloc = gloc, .raw = raw, .def = def };
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(self: @This()) void {
+    self.gloc.freeTexture(self.raw);
+}
+
+pub fn getConstMappedRange(self: @This(), offset: u64, size: u64) ?*const anyopaque {
+    return c.wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(self.raw, offset, size);
+}
+
+pub fn bytesSize(self: @This()) u32 {
+    return self.bytesSizeRow() * self.def.size.height;
+}
+
+pub fn bytesSizeRow(self: @This()) u32 {
+    return self.def.size.width * self.def.format.bytesPerPixel();
+}
+
+/// Return a GpuBuffer containing a copy of the texture.
+pub fn buffCopy(self: @This(), gloc: GpuAllocator) !GpuBuffer {
+    const buf = try GpuBuffer.init(gloc, .{
+        .size = self.bytesSize(),
+        .usage = .initMany(&.{ .CopyDst, .CopySrc }),
+        .label = "texture_copy_buffer",
+    });
+
+    const enc = c.wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(gloc.device.device, null) orelse return error.Encoder;
+    defer c.wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
+
+    const src_copy = c.WGPUTexelCopyTextureInfo{
+        .texture = self.raw,
+        .mipLevel = 0,
+        .origin = .{ .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0 },
+        .aspect = c.WGPUTextureAspect_All,
+    };
+    const dst_copy = c.WGPUTexelCopyBufferInfo{
+        .buffer = buf.raw,
+        .layout = .{
+            .offset = 0,
+            .bytesPerRow = self.bytesSizeRow(),
+            .rowsPerImage = self.def.size.height,
+        },
+    };
+
+    c.wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer(enc, &src_copy, &dst_copy, &self.def.size);
+
+    const cmd = c.wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, null);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
+    c.wgpuQueueSubmit(gloc.device.queue, 1, &cmd);
+
+    return buf;
+}
+
+pub fn mapAsync(
+    self: @This(),
+    mode: c.WGPUMapMode,
+    offset: u64,
+    size: u64,
+    callback_info: c.WGPUBufferMapCallbackInfo,
+) void {
+    _ = c.wgpuBufferMapAsync(self.raw, mode, offset, size, callback_info);
+}
+
+pub fn unmap(self: @This()) void {
+    c.wgpuBufferUnmap(self.raw);
+}
+
+/// CPU to GPU
+pub fn load(
+    self: @This(),
+    T: type,
+    data: []const T,
+) !void {
+    const bytes = data.len * @sizeOf(T);
+
+    c.wgpuQueueWriteTexture(
+        self.gloc.device.queue,
+        &.{
+            .texture = self.raw,
+            .mipLevel = 0,
+            .origin = .{ .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0 },
+            .aspect = c.WGPUTextureAspect_All,
+        },
+        data.ptr,
+        bytes,
+        &.{
+            .offset = 0,
+            .bytesPerRow = self.bytesSizeRow(),
+            .rowsPerImage = self.def.size.height,
+        },
+        &self.def.size,
+    );
+}
+
+// GPU to CPU
+pub fn read(self: @This(), alloc: std.mem.Allocator, T: type) ![]T {
+    const out = try alloc.alloc(T, @divExact(self.size, @sizeOf(T)));
+
+    const staging = try init(self.gloc, .{
+        .size = self.size,
+        .usage = .initMany(&.{ .MapRead, .CopyDst }),
+        .label = "texture_read_staging",
+    });
+    defer staging.deinit();
+
+    const enc = c.wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(self.gloc.device.device, null) orelse return error.Encoder;
+    const src_copy = c.WGPUTexelCopyTextureInfo{
+        .texture = self.raw,
+        .mipLevel = 0,
+        .origin = .{ .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0 },
+        .aspect = c.WGPUTextureAspect_All,
+    };
+    const dst_copy = c.WGPUTexelCopyBufferInfo{
+        .buffer = staging.raw,
+        .layout = .{
+            .offset = 0,
+            .bytesPerRow = self.bytesSizeRow(),
+            .rowsPerImage = self.def.size.height,
+        },
+    };
+    c.wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer(enc, &src_copy, &dst_copy, &self.def.size);
+    const cmd = c.wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, null);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
+    defer c.wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
+    c.wgpuQueueSubmit(self.gloc.device.queue, 1, &cmd);
+
+    var mapped = false;
+    staging.mapAsync(
+        c.WGPUMapMode_Read,
+        0,
+        self.size,
+        .{ .callback = onMapped, .userdata1 = &mapped },
+    );
+    while (!mapped) self.gloc.device.poll();
+
+    const ptr: [*]const T = @ptrCast(@alignCast(
+        staging.getConstMappedRange(0, self.size),
+    ));
+    @memcpy(out[0..out.len], ptr[0..out.len]);
+    staging.unmap();
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+fn onMapped(
+    status: c.WGPUMapAsyncStatus,
+    _: c.WGPUStringView,
+    userdata1: ?*anyopaque,
+    _: ?*anyopaque,
+) callconv(.c) void {
+    const flag: *bool = @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata1.?));
+    flag.* = (status == c.WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Success);
+}

src/GpuTextureView.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
+const svOpt = @import("utils.zig").svOpt;
+const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+const GpuTexture = @import("lib.zig").GpuTexture;
+const GpuTextureFormat = @import("lib.zig").GpuTextureFormat;
+const GpuTextureUsage = @import("lib.zig").GpuTextureUsage;
+
+pub const GpuViewDef = struct {
+    label: ?[]const u8 = null,
+    usage: std.EnumSet(GpuTextureUsage) = .empty,
+    format: GpuTextureFormat = .Undefined,
+};
+
+raw: c.WGPUTextureView,
+gloc: GpuAllocator,
+
+pub fn init(gloc: GpuAllocator, texture: GpuTexture, def: GpuViewDef) !@This() {
+    var use: u64 = 0;
+    var iter = def.usage.iterator();
+    while (iter.next()) |flag| use |= @intFromEnum(flag);
+
+    const raw = try gloc.allocTextureView(texture.raw, .{
+        .label = svOpt(def.label),
+        .format = @intFromEnum(def.format),
+        .usage = use,
+        .mipLevelCount = 1,
+        .arrayLayerCount = 1,
+    });
+    return .{ .gloc = gloc, .raw = raw };
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(self: @This()) void {
+    self.gloc.freeTextureView(self.raw);
+}

src/Vec.zig

@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-/// Dummy
-const std = @import("std");
-const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
-const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
-const GpuBuffer = @import("GpuBuffer.zig");
-const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
-const GpuPipeline = @import("GpuPipeline.zig");
-
-const Vec = @This();
-
-buf: GpuBuffer,
-len: usize,
-
-pub fn initZero(gloc: *GpuAllocator, len: usize) !Vec {
-    return .{
-        .buf = try GpuBuffer.init(
-            gloc,
-            f16,
-            len,
-            c.WGPUBufferUsage_Storage | c.WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst | c.WGPUBufferUsage_CopySrc,
-        ),
-        .len = len,
-    };
-}
-
-pub fn initLoad(gloc: *GpuAllocator, data: []const f16) !Vec {
-    var self = try initZero(gloc, data.len);
-    try self.load(gloc.device, data);
-    return self;
-}
-
-pub fn deinit(self: Vec) void {
-    self.buf.deinit();
-}
-
-/// CPU to GPU.
-pub fn load(
-    self: Vec,
-    device: GpuDevice,
-    data: []const f16,
-) !void {
-    std.debug.assert(data.len == self.len);
-    const bytes = self.byteSize();
-    c.wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(device.queue, self.buf.raw, 0, data.ptr, bytes);
-}
-
-pub fn byteSize(self: Vec) u64 {
-    return @as(u64, self.len) * @sizeOf(f16);
-}
-
-pub fn run(self: Vec, gloc: *GpuAllocator, other: Vec, pip: GpuPipeline) !Vec {
-    std.debug.assert(self.len == other.len);
-
-    const result = try Vec.initZero(gloc, self.len);
-    errdefer result.deinit();
-
-    try dispatch2in1out(gloc, pip.raw, self.buf, other.buf, result.buf, self.byteSize());
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/// GPU to CPU.
-pub fn read(self: Vec, gloc: *GpuAllocator, alloc: std.mem.Allocator) ![]f16 {
-    const out = try alloc.alloc(f16, self.len);
-    const bytes = self.byteSize();
-
-    const staging = try GpuBuffer.init(
-        gloc,
-        f16,
-        self.len,
-        c.WGPUBufferUsage_MapRead | c.WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst,
-    );
-    defer staging.deinit();
-
-    const enc = c.wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(gloc.device.device, null) orelse return error.Encoder;
-    c.wgpuCommandEncoderCopyBufferToBuffer(enc, self.buf.raw, 0, staging.raw, 0, bytes);
-    const cmd = c.wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, null);
-    defer c.wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
-    defer c.wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
-    c.wgpuQueueSubmit(gloc.device.queue, 1, &cmd);
-
-    var mapped = false;
-    staging.mapAsync(
-        c.WGPUMapMode_Read,
-        0,
-        bytes,
-        .{ .callback = onMapped, .userdata1 = &mapped },
-    );
-    while (!mapped) gloc.device.poll();
-
-    const ptr: [*]const f16 = @ptrCast(@alignCast(
-        staging.getConstMappedRange(0, bytes),
-    ));
-    @memcpy(out[0..self.len], ptr[0..self.len]);
-    staging.unmap();
-
-    return out;
-}
-
-fn onMapped(
-    status: c.WGPUMapAsyncStatus,
-    _: c.WGPUStringView,
-    userdata1: ?*anyopaque,
-    _: ?*anyopaque,
-) callconv(.c) void {
-    const flag: *bool = @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata1.?));
-    flag.* = (status == c.WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Success);
-}
-
-/// Encode + submit a 2-input, 1-output compute pass (used by add).
-fn dispatch2in1out(
-    gloc: *GpuAllocator,
-    pipeline: c.WGPUComputePipeline,
-    buf_a: GpuBuffer,
-    buf_b: GpuBuffer,
-    buf_out: GpuBuffer,
-    bytes: u64,
-) !void {
-    const max_chunk_bytes: u64 = 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 1 GB
-
-    var offset: u64 = 0;
-    while (offset < bytes) {
-        // Calculate bounds for the current chunk
-        const current_chunk_bytes = @min(max_chunk_bytes, bytes - offset);
-        const current_chunk_elements: u32 = @intCast(current_chunk_bytes / @sizeOf(f16));
-
-        // Create uniform buffer for this specific chunk's size
-        const info_buf = try GpuBuffer.init(
-            gloc,
-            u32,
-            1,
-            c.WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | c.WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst,
-        );
-        defer info_buf.deinit();
-
-        // Write the number of elements *in this chunk* to the uniform buffer
-        c.wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(gloc.device.queue, info_buf.raw, 0, &current_chunk_elements, @sizeOf(u32));
-
-        // Bind only the sub-slice for this chunk using `.offset` and `.size`
-        const entries = [_]c.WGPUBindGroupEntry{
-            .{ .binding = 0, .buffer = buf_a.raw, .offset = offset, .size = current_chunk_bytes },
-            .{ .binding = 1, .buffer = buf_b.raw, .offset = offset, .size = current_chunk_bytes },
-            .{ .binding = 2, .buffer = buf_out.raw, .offset = offset, .size = current_chunk_bytes },
-            .{ .binding = 3, .buffer = info_buf.raw, .offset = 0, .size = @sizeOf(u32) },
-        };
-
-        // Submit the pass for this specific chunk
-        try submitPass(gloc, pipeline, &entries, current_chunk_elements);
-
-        offset += current_chunk_bytes;
-    }
-}
-
-/// Create bind group, encode pass, submit.
-fn submitPass(
-    gloc: *GpuAllocator,
-    pipeline: c.WGPUComputePipeline,
-    entries: []const c.WGPUBindGroupEntry,
-    n: usize,
-) !void {
-    const bgl = c.wgpuComputePipelineGetBindGroupLayout(pipeline, 0);
-    defer c.wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(bgl);
-
-    const bg = c.wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(gloc.device.device, &.{
-        .layout = bgl,
-        .entries = entries.ptr,
-        .entryCount = entries.len,
-    }) orelse return error.BindGroup;
-    defer c.wgpuBindGroupRelease(bg);
-
-    const enc = c.wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(gloc.device.device, null) orelse
-        return error.Encoder;
-    const pass = c.wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass(enc, null);
-    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, pipeline);
-    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, bg, 0, null);
-
-    const WORKGROUP_SIZE = 256;
-    const MAX_WORKGROUPS = 65535;
-
-    const desired_workgroups = ceilDiv(n, WORKGROUP_SIZE);
-    const dispatch_count = @min(desired_workgroups, MAX_WORKGROUPS);
-
-    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroups(pass, @intCast(dispatch_count), 1, 1);
-    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd(pass);
-    c.wgpuComputePassEncoderRelease(pass);
-
-    const cmd = c.wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, null);
-    defer c.wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
-    defer c.wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
-    c.wgpuQueueSubmit(gloc.device.queue, 1, &cmd);
-}
-
-fn ceilDiv(n: usize, d: usize) usize {
-    return (n + d - 1) / d;
-}

src/example.zig

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-const std = @import("std");
-const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
-const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
-const GpuPipeline = @import("GpuPipeline.zig");
-const Vec = @import("Vec.zig");
-
-const c = @import("utils.zig").c;
-
-pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
-    const allocator = init.gpa;
-
-    const device = try GpuDevice.init(.{ .vram_bytes_limit = 4 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 });
-    defer device.deinit();
-
-    var gloc = try GpuAllocator.init(allocator, device);
-    defer gloc.deinit();
-
-    const add_pip = try GpuPipeline.init(device, @embedFile("shaders/add.wgsl"));
-    defer add_pip.deinit();
-
-    const data_a = try allocator.alloc(f16, 1024);
-    defer allocator.free(data_a);
-    const data_b = try allocator.alloc(f16, 1024);
-    defer allocator.free(data_b);
-
-    for (0..1024) |i| {
-        data_a[i] = @floatFromInt(i);
-        data_b[i] = @floatFromInt(1024 - 1 - i);
-    }
-
-    const a = try Vec.initLoad(&gloc, data_a);
-    defer a.deinit();
-    const b = try Vec.initLoad(&gloc, data_b);
-    defer b.deinit();
-
-    const sum = try a.run(&gloc, b, add_pip);
-    defer sum.deinit();
-
-    const out = try sum.read(&gloc, allocator);
-    defer allocator.free(out);
-
-    std.debug.print("{any}\n", .{out});
-}

src/lib.zig

@@ -1,4 +1,187 @@
 pub const GpuAllocator = @import("GpuAllocator.zig");
+pub const GpuArenaAllocator = @import("GpuArenaAllocator.zig");
 pub const GpuBuffer = @import("GpuBuffer.zig");
 pub const GpuDevice = @import("GpuDevice.zig");
-pub const GpuPipeline = @import("GpuPipeline.zig");
+pub const GpuCompute = @import("GpuCompute.zig");
+pub const GpuRender = @import("GpuRender.zig");
+pub const GpuTexture = @import("GpuTexture.zig");
+pub const GpuTextureView = @import("GpuTextureView.zig");
+
+pub const GpuTextureFormat = enum(c_uint) {
+    Undefined = 0,
+    R8Unorm = 1,
+    R8Snorm = 2,
+    R8Uint = 3,
+    R8Sint = 4,
+    R16Unorm = 5,
+    R16Snorm = 6,
+    R16Uint = 7,
+    R16Sint = 8,
+    R16Float = 9,
+    RG8Unorm = 10,
+    RG8Snorm = 11,
+    RG8Uint = 12,
+    RG8Sint = 13,
+    R32Float = 14,
+    R32Uint = 15,
+    R32Sint = 16,
+    RG16Unorm = 17,
+    RG16Snorm = 18,
+    RG16Uint = 19,
+    RG16Sint = 20,
+    RG16Float = 21,
+    RGBA8Unorm = 22,
+    RGBA8UnormSrgb = 23,
+    RGBA8Snorm = 24,
+    RGBA8Uint = 25,
+    RGBA8Sint = 26,
+    BGRA8Unorm = 27,
+    BGRA8UnormSrgb = 28,
+    RGB10A2Uint = 29,
+    RGB10A2Unorm = 30,
+    RG11B10Ufloat = 31,
+    RGB9E5Ufloat = 32,
+    RG32Float = 33,
+    RG32Uint = 34,
+    RG32Sint = 35,
+    RGBA16Unorm = 36,
+    RGBA16Snorm = 37,
+    RGBA16Uint = 38,
+    RGBA16Sint = 39,
+    RGBA16Float = 40,
+    RGBA32Float = 41,
+    RGBA32Uint = 42,
+    RGBA32Sint = 43,
+    Stencil8 = 44,
+    Depth16Unorm = 45,
+    Depth24Plus = 46,
+    Depth24PlusStencil8 = 47,
+    Depth32Float = 48,
+    Depth32FloatStencil8 = 49,
+    BC1RGBAUnorm = 50,
+    BC1RGBAUnormSrgb = 51,
+    BC2RGBAUnorm = 52,
+    BC2RGBAUnormSrgb = 53,
+    BC3RGBAUnorm = 54,
+    BC3RGBAUnormSrgb = 55,
+    BC4RUnorm = 56,
+    BC4RSnorm = 57,
+    BC5RGUnorm = 58,
+    BC5RGSnorm = 59,
+    BC6HRGBUfloat = 60,
+    BC6HRGBFloat = 61,
+    BC7RGBAUnorm = 62,
+    BC7RGBAUnormSrgb = 63,
+    ETC2RGB8Unorm = 64,
+    ETC2RGB8UnormSrgb = 65,
+    ETC2RGB8A1Unorm = 66,
+    ETC2RGB8A1UnormSrgb = 67,
+    ETC2RGBA8Unorm = 68,
+    ETC2RGBA8UnormSrgb = 69,
+    EACR11Unorm = 70,
+    EACR11Snorm = 71,
+    EACRG11Unorm = 72,
+    EACRG11Snorm = 73,
+    ASTC4x4Unorm = 74,
+    ASTC4x4UnormSrgb = 75,
+    ASTC5x4Unorm = 76,
+    ASTC5x4UnormSrgb = 77,
+    ASTC5x5Unorm = 78,
+    ASTC5x5UnormSrgb = 79,
+    ASTC6x5Unorm = 80,
+    ASTC6x5UnormSrgb = 81,
+    ASTC6x6Unorm = 82,
+    ASTC6x6UnormSrgb = 83,
+    ASTC8x5Unorm = 84,
+    ASTC8x5UnormSrgb = 85,
+    ASTC8x6Unorm = 86,
+    ASTC8x6UnormSrgb = 87,
+    ASTC8x8Unorm = 88,
+    ASTC8x8UnormSrgb = 89,
+    ASTC10x5Unorm = 90,
+    ASTC10x5UnormSrgb = 91,
+    ASTC10x6Unorm = 92,
+    ASTC10x6UnormSrgb = 93,
+    ASTC10x8Unorm = 94,
+    ASTC10x8UnormSrgb = 95,
+    ASTC10x10Unorm = 96,
+    ASTC10x10UnormSrgb = 97,
+    ASTC12x10Unorm = 98,
+    ASTC12x10UnormSrgb = 99,
+    ASTC12x12Unorm = 100,
+    ASTC12x12UnormSrgb = 101,
+    Force32 = 2147483647,
+
+    pub fn bytesPerPixel(format: GpuTextureFormat) u32 {
+        return switch (format) {
+            // 8-bit formats (1 byte)
+            .R8Unorm, .R8Snorm, .R8Uint, .R8Sint, .Stencil8 => 1,
+
+            // 16-bit formats (2 bytes)
+            .R16Unorm,
+            .R16Snorm,
+            .R16Uint,
+            .R16Sint,
+            .R16Float,
+            .RG8Unorm,
+            .RG8Snorm,
+            .RG8Uint,
+            .RG8Sint,
+            .Depth16Unorm,
+            => 2,
+
+            // 32-bit formats (4 bytes)
+            .R32Float,
+            .R32Uint,
+            .R32Sint,
+            .RG16Unorm,
+            .RG16Snorm,
+            .RG16Uint,
+            .RG16Sint,
+            .RG16Float,
+            .RGBA8Unorm,
+            .RGBA8UnormSrgb,
+            .RGBA8Snorm,
+            .RGBA8Uint,
+            .RGBA8Sint,
+            .BGRA8Unorm,
+            .BGRA8UnormSrgb,
+            .RGB10A2Uint,
+            .RGB10A2Unorm,
+            .RG11B10Ufloat,
+            .RGB9E5Ufloat,
+            .Depth24Plus,
+            .Depth32Float,
+            => 4,
+
+            // 64-bit formats (8 bytes)
+            .RG32Float,
+            .RG32Uint,
+            .RG32Sint,
+            .RGBA16Unorm,
+            .RGBA16Snorm,
+            .RGBA16Uint,
+            .RGBA16Sint,
+            .RGBA16Float,
+            .Depth24PlusStencil8, // 24-bit depth + 8-bit stencil layout padded to 4+4 or 1+3
+            .Depth32FloatStencil8, // 32-bit float depth + 8-bit stencil (padded to 8 bytes)
+            => 8,
+
+            // 128-bit formats (16 bytes)
+            .RGBA32Float, .RGBA32Uint, .RGBA32Sint => 16,
+
+            // Block Compressed Formats (Handled separately)
+            else => 0,
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+pub const GpuTextureUsage = enum(u64) {
+    None = 0x0000000000000000,
+    CopySrc = 0x0000000000000001,
+    CopyDst = 0x0000000000000002,
+    TextureBinding = 0x0000000000000004,
+    StorageBinding = 0x0000000000000008,
+    RenderAttachment = 0x0000000000000010,
+    TransientAttachment = 0x0000000000000020,
+};

src/utils.zig

@@ -3,3 +3,17 @@ pub const c = @cImport(@cInclude("wgpu.h"));
 pub fn sv(s: []const u8) c.WGPUStringView {
     return .{ .data = s.ptr, .length = s.len };
 }
+
+/// Allows safely passing an optional Zig string to a WebGPU string view.
+pub fn svOpt(s: ?[]const u8) c.WGPUStringView {
+    if (s) |str| return sv(str);
+    return .{ .data = null, .length = 0 };
+}
+
+/// Helper to print a WGPUStringView in your logs.
+pub fn viewStr(view: c.WGPUStringView) []const u8 {
+    if (view.data != null and view.length > 0) {
+        return view.data[0..view.length];
+    }
+    return "unnamed";
+}