diff --git a/lib/std/meta/trait.zig b/lib/std/meta/trait.zig
index 8c8b26cf45..8e54293533 100644
--- a/lib/std/meta/trait.zig
+++ b/lib/std/meta/trait.zig
@@ -298,6 +298,20 @@ pub fn isNumber(comptime T: type) bool {
     };
 }
 
+pub fn isIntegerNumber(comptime T: type) bool {
+    return switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .Int, .ComptimeInt => true,
+        else => false,
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn isFloatingNumber(comptime T: type) bool {
+    return switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .Float, .ComptimeFloat => true,
+        else => false,
+    };
+}
+
 test "std.meta.trait.isNumber" {
     const NotANumber = struct {
         number: u8,
diff --git a/src/Cache.zig b/src/Cache.zig
index 3d33226f27..03a0d61157 100644
--- a/src/Cache.zig
+++ b/src/Cache.zig
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ pub const Manifest = struct {
             .target, .target_must_resolve, .prereq => {},
             else => |err| {
                 try err.printError(error_buf.writer());
-                std.log.err("failed parsing {}: {}", .{ dep_file_basename, error_buf.items });
+                std.log.err("failed parsing {s}: {s}", .{ dep_file_basename, error_buf.items });
                 return error.InvalidDepFile;
             },
         }
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ pub const Manifest = struct {
                 .prereq => |bytes| try self.addFilePost(bytes),
                 else => |err| {
                     try err.printError(error_buf.writer());
-                    std.log.err("failed parsing {}: {}", .{ dep_file_basename, error_buf.items });
+                    std.log.err("failed parsing {s}: {s}", .{ dep_file_basename, error_buf.items });
                     return error.InvalidDepFile;
                 },
             }
diff --git a/src/Compilation.zig b/src/Compilation.zig
index 33376d46d2..3a9c1ea993 100644
--- a/src/Compilation.zig
+++ b/src/Compilation.zig
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ pub fn performAllTheWork(self: *Compilation) error{ TimerUnsupported, OutOfMemor
                     // lifetime annotations in the ZIR.
                     var decl_arena = decl.typed_value.most_recent.arena.?.promote(module.gpa);
                     defer decl.typed_value.most_recent.arena.?.* = decl_arena.state;
-                    log.debug("analyze liveness of {}\n", .{decl.name});
+                    log.debug("analyze liveness of {s}\n", .{decl.name});
                     try liveness.analyze(module.gpa, &decl_arena.allocator, func.analysis.success);
                 }
 
@@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ pub fn performAllTheWork(self: *Compilation) error{ TimerUnsupported, OutOfMemor
                             module.failed_decls.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(decl, try ErrorMsg.create(
                                 module.gpa,
                                 decl.src(),
-                                "unable to codegen: {}",
+                                "unable to codegen: {s}",
                                 .{@errorName(err)},
                             ));
                             decl.analysis = .codegen_failure_retryable;
@@ -1535,7 +1535,7 @@ pub fn performAllTheWork(self: *Compilation) error{ TimerUnsupported, OutOfMemor
                 module.failed_decls.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(decl, try ErrorMsg.create(
                     module.gpa,
                     decl.src(),
-                    "unable to update line number: {}",
+                    "unable to update line number: {s}",
                     .{@errorName(err)},
                 ));
                 decl.analysis = .codegen_failure_retryable;
@@ -1544,50 +1544,50 @@ pub fn performAllTheWork(self: *Compilation) error{ TimerUnsupported, OutOfMemor
         .glibc_crt_file => |crt_file| {
             glibc.buildCRTFile(self, crt_file) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build glibc CRT file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build glibc CRT file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .glibc_shared_objects => {
             glibc.buildSharedObjects(self) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build glibc shared objects: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build glibc shared objects: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .musl_crt_file => |crt_file| {
             musl.buildCRTFile(self, crt_file) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build musl CRT file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build musl CRT file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .mingw_crt_file => |crt_file| {
             mingw.buildCRTFile(self, crt_file) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build mingw-w64 CRT file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build mingw-w64 CRT file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .windows_import_lib => |index| {
             const link_lib = self.bin_file.options.system_libs.items()[index].key;
             mingw.buildImportLib(self, link_lib) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to generate DLL import .lib file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to generate DLL import .lib file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .libunwind => {
             libunwind.buildStaticLib(self) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build libunwind: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build libunwind: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .libcxx => {
             libcxx.buildLibCXX(self) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build libcxx: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build libcxx: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .libcxxabi => {
             libcxx.buildLibCXXABI(self) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build libcxxabi: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build libcxxabi: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .libtsan => {
@@ -1611,20 +1611,20 @@ pub fn performAllTheWork(self: *Compilation) error{ TimerUnsupported, OutOfMemor
         .libssp => {
             self.buildOutputFromZig("ssp.zig", .Lib, &self.libssp_static_lib) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build libssp: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build libssp: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .zig_libc => {
             self.buildOutputFromZig("c.zig", .Lib, &self.libc_static_lib) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to build zig's multitarget libc: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to build zig's multitarget libc: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .generate_builtin_zig => {
             // This Job is only queued up if there is a zig module.
             self.updateBuiltinZigFile(self.bin_file.options.module.?) catch |err| {
                 // TODO Expose this as a normal compile error rather than crashing here.
-                fatal("unable to update builtin.zig file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to update builtin.zig file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         },
         .stage1_module => {
@@ -1704,11 +1704,11 @@ pub fn cImport(comp: *Compilation, c_src: []const u8) !CImportResult {
         const out_h_path = try comp.local_cache_directory.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{
             tmp_dir_sub_path, cimport_basename,
         });
-        const out_dep_path = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.d", .{out_h_path});
+        const out_dep_path = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.d", .{out_h_path});
 
         try zig_cache_tmp_dir.writeFile(cimport_basename, c_src);
         if (comp.verbose_cimport) {
-            log.info("C import source: {}", .{out_h_path});
+            log.info("C import source: {s}", .{out_h_path});
         }
 
         var argv = std.ArrayList([]const u8).init(comp.gpa);
@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ pub fn cImport(comp: *Compilation, c_src: []const u8) !CImportResult {
         defer tree.deinit();
 
         if (comp.verbose_cimport) {
-            log.info("C import .d file: {}", .{out_dep_path});
+            log.info("C import .d file: {s}", .{out_dep_path});
         }
 
         const dep_basename = std.fs.path.basename(out_dep_path);
@@ -1775,7 +1775,7 @@ pub fn cImport(comp: *Compilation, c_src: []const u8) !CImportResult {
         try bos.flush();
 
         man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest for C import: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest for C import: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
 
         break :digest digest;
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ pub fn cImport(comp: *Compilation, c_src: []const u8) !CImportResult {
         "o", &digest, cimport_zig_basename,
     });
     if (comp.verbose_cimport) {
-        log.info("C import output: {}\n", .{out_zig_path});
+        log.info("C import output: {s}\n", .{out_zig_path});
     }
     return CImportResult{
         .out_zig_path = out_zig_path,
@@ -1946,7 +1946,7 @@ fn updateCObject(comp: *Compilation, c_object: *CObject, c_comp_progress_node: *
             child.stderr_behavior = .Inherit;
 
             const term = child.spawnAndWait() catch |err| {
-                return comp.failCObj(c_object, "unable to spawn {}: {}", .{ argv.items[0], @errorName(err) });
+                return comp.failCObj(c_object, "unable to spawn {s}: {s}", .{ argv.items[0], @errorName(err) });
             };
             switch (term) {
                 .Exited => |code| {
@@ -1974,7 +1974,7 @@ fn updateCObject(comp: *Compilation, c_object: *CObject, c_comp_progress_node: *
             const stderr = try stderr_reader.readAllAlloc(arena, 10 * 1024 * 1024);
 
             const term = child.wait() catch |err| {
-                return comp.failCObj(c_object, "unable to spawn {}: {}", .{ argv.items[0], @errorName(err) });
+                return comp.failCObj(c_object, "unable to spawn {s}: {s}", .{ argv.items[0], @errorName(err) });
             };
 
             switch (term) {
@@ -1982,12 +1982,12 @@ fn updateCObject(comp: *Compilation, c_object: *CObject, c_comp_progress_node: *
                     if (code != 0) {
                         // TODO parse clang stderr and turn it into an error message
                         // and then call failCObjWithOwnedErrorMsg
-                        log.err("clang failed with stderr: {}", .{stderr});
+                        log.err("clang failed with stderr: {s}", .{stderr});
                         return comp.failCObj(c_object, "clang exited with code {}", .{code});
                     }
                 },
                 else => {
-                    log.err("clang terminated with stderr: {}", .{stderr});
+                    log.err("clang terminated with stderr: {s}", .{stderr});
                     return comp.failCObj(c_object, "clang terminated unexpectedly", .{});
                 },
             }
@@ -1999,7 +1999,7 @@ fn updateCObject(comp: *Compilation, c_object: *CObject, c_comp_progress_node: *
             try man.addDepFilePost(zig_cache_tmp_dir, dep_basename);
             // Just to save disk space, we delete the file because it is never needed again.
             zig_cache_tmp_dir.deleteFile(dep_basename) catch |err| {
-                log.warn("failed to delete '{}': {}", .{ dep_file_path, @errorName(err) });
+                log.warn("failed to delete '{s}': {s}", .{ dep_file_path, @errorName(err) });
             };
         }
 
@@ -2015,7 +2015,7 @@ fn updateCObject(comp: *Compilation, c_object: *CObject, c_comp_progress_node: *
         try std.fs.rename(zig_cache_tmp_dir, tmp_basename, o_dir, o_basename);
 
         man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when compiling '{}': {}", .{ c_object.src.src_path, @errorName(err) });
+            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when compiling '{s}': {s}", .{ c_object.src.src_path, @errorName(err) });
         };
         break :blk digest;
     };
@@ -2034,7 +2034,7 @@ pub fn tmpFilePath(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, suffix: []const u8) er
     const s = std.fs.path.sep_str;
     const rand_int = std.crypto.random.int(u64);
     if (comp.local_cache_directory.path) |p| {
-        return std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}" ++ s ++ "tmp" ++ s ++ "{x}-{s}", .{ p, rand_int, suffix });
+        return std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}" ++ s ++ "tmp" ++ s ++ "{x}-{s}", .{ p, rand_int, suffix });
     } else {
         return std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "tmp" ++ s ++ "{x}-{s}", .{ rand_int, suffix });
     }
@@ -2144,7 +2144,7 @@ pub fn addCCArgs(
             }
             const mcmodel = comp.bin_file.options.machine_code_model;
             if (mcmodel != .default) {
-                try argv.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "-mcmodel={}", .{@tagName(mcmodel)}));
+                try argv.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "-mcmodel={s}", .{@tagName(mcmodel)}));
             }
 
             switch (target.os.tag) {
@@ -2497,22 +2497,22 @@ fn detectLibCIncludeDirs(
         const s = std.fs.path.sep_str;
         const arch_include_dir = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
             arena,
-            "{}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{}-{}-{}",
+            "{s}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{s}-{s}-{s}",
             .{ zig_lib_dir, arch_name, os_name, abi_name },
         );
         const generic_include_dir = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
             arena,
-            "{}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "generic-{}",
+            "{s}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "generic-{s}",
             .{ zig_lib_dir, generic_name },
         );
         const arch_os_include_dir = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
             arena,
-            "{}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{}-{}-any",
+            "{s}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{s}-{s}-any",
             .{ zig_lib_dir, @tagName(target.cpu.arch), os_name },
         );
         const generic_os_include_dir = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
             arena,
-            "{}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "any-{}-any",
+            "{s}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "any-{s}-any",
             .{ zig_lib_dir, os_name },
         );
 
@@ -2631,9 +2631,9 @@ fn updateBuiltinZigFile(comp: *Compilation, mod: *Module) !void {
 
 pub fn dump_argv(argv: []const []const u8) void {
     for (argv[0 .. argv.len - 1]) |arg| {
-        std.debug.print("{} ", .{arg});
+        std.debug.print("{s} ", .{arg});
     }
-    std.debug.print("{}\n", .{argv[argv.len - 1]});
+    std.debug.print("{s}\n", .{argv[argv.len - 1]});
 }
 
 pub fn generateBuiltinZigSource(comp: *Compilation, allocator: *Allocator) ![]u8 {
@@ -2653,15 +2653,15 @@ pub fn generateBuiltinZigSource(comp: *Compilation, allocator: *Allocator) ![]u8
         \\pub const arch = Target.current.cpu.arch;
         \\/// Deprecated
         \\pub const endian = Target.current.cpu.arch.endian();
-        \\pub const output_mode = OutputMode.{};
-        \\pub const link_mode = LinkMode.{};
+        \\pub const output_mode = OutputMode.{s};
+        \\pub const link_mode = LinkMode.{s};
         \\pub const is_test = {};
         \\pub const single_threaded = {};
-        \\pub const abi = Abi.{};
+        \\pub const abi = Abi.{s};
         \\pub const cpu: Cpu = Cpu{{
-        \\    .arch = .{},
-        \\    .model = &Target.{}.cpu.{},
-        \\    .features = Target.{}.featureSet(&[_]Target.{}.Feature{{
+        \\    .arch = .{s},
+        \\    .model = &Target.{s}.cpu.{s},
+        \\    .features = Target.{s}.featureSet(&[_]Target.{s}.Feature{{
         \\
     , .{
         @tagName(comp.bin_file.options.output_mode),
@@ -2692,7 +2692,7 @@ pub fn generateBuiltinZigSource(comp: *Compilation, allocator: *Allocator) ![]u8
         \\    }}),
         \\}};
         \\pub const os = Os{{
-        \\    .tag = .{},
+        \\    .tag = .{s},
         \\    .version_range = .{{
     ,
         .{@tagName(target.os.tag)},
@@ -2778,8 +2778,8 @@ pub fn generateBuiltinZigSource(comp: *Compilation, allocator: *Allocator) ![]u8
         (comp.bin_file.options.skip_linker_dependencies and comp.bin_file.options.parent_compilation_link_libc);
 
     try buffer.writer().print(
-        \\pub const object_format = ObjectFormat.{};
-        \\pub const mode = Mode.{};
+        \\pub const object_format = ObjectFormat.{s};
+        \\pub const mode = Mode.{s};
         \\pub const link_libc = {};
         \\pub const link_libcpp = {};
         \\pub const have_error_return_tracing = {};
@@ -2787,7 +2787,7 @@ pub fn generateBuiltinZigSource(comp: *Compilation, allocator: *Allocator) ![]u8
         \\pub const position_independent_code = {};
         \\pub const position_independent_executable = {};
         \\pub const strip_debug_info = {};
-        \\pub const code_model = CodeModel.{};
+        \\pub const code_model = CodeModel.{s};
         \\
     , .{
         @tagName(comp.bin_file.options.object_format),
@@ -3013,7 +3013,7 @@ fn updateStage1Module(comp: *Compilation, main_progress_node: *std.Progress.Node
             id_symlink_basename,
             &prev_digest_buf,
         ) catch |err| blk: {
-            log.debug("stage1 {} new_digest={} error: {}", .{ mod.root_pkg.root_src_path, digest, @errorName(err) });
+            log.debug("stage1 {} new_digest={} error: {s}", .{ mod.root_pkg.root_src_path, digest, @errorName(err) });
             // Handle this as a cache miss.
             break :blk prev_digest_buf[0..0];
         };
@@ -3189,7 +3189,7 @@ fn updateStage1Module(comp: *Compilation, main_progress_node: *std.Progress.Node
     // Update the small file with the digest. If it fails we can continue; it only
     // means that the next invocation will have an unnecessary cache miss.
     const stage1_flags_byte = @bitCast(u8, mod.stage1_flags);
-    log.debug("stage1 {} final digest={} flags={x}", .{
+    log.debug("stage1 {s} final digest={} flags={x}", .{
         mod.root_pkg.root_src_path, digest, stage1_flags_byte,
     });
     var digest_plus_flags: [digest.len + 2]u8 = undefined;
@@ -3202,11 +3202,11 @@ fn updateStage1Module(comp: *Compilation, main_progress_node: *std.Progress.Node
         digest_plus_flags, stage1_flags_byte, mod.stage1_flags.have_winmain_crt_startup,
     });
     Cache.writeSmallFile(directory.handle, id_symlink_basename, &digest_plus_flags) catch |err| {
-        log.warn("failed to save stage1 hash digest file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        log.warn("failed to save stage1 hash digest file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     // Failure here only means an unnecessary cache miss.
     man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-        log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     // We hang on to this lock so that the output file path can be used without
     // other processes clobbering it.
diff --git a/src/DepTokenizer.zig b/src/DepTokenizer.zig
index 99db6e4b3c..c42583a786 100644
--- a/src/DepTokenizer.zig
+++ b/src/DepTokenizer.zig
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ pub const Token = union(enum) {
             .incomplete_quoted_prerequisite,
             .incomplete_target,
             => |index_and_bytes| {
-                try writer.print("{} '", .{self.errStr()});
+                try writer.print("{s} '", .{self.errStr()});
                 if (self == .incomplete_target) {
                     const tmp = Token{ .target_must_resolve = index_and_bytes.bytes };
                     try tmp.resolve(writer);
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ pub const Token = union(enum) {
             => |index_and_char| {
                 try writer.writeAll("illegal char ");
                 try printUnderstandableChar(writer, index_and_char.char);
-                try writer.print(" at position {}: {}", .{ index_and_char.index, self.errStr() });
+                try writer.print(" at position {}: {s}", .{ index_and_char.index, self.errStr() });
             },
         }
     }
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ fn printSection(out: anytype, label: []const u8, bytes: []const u8) !void {
 
 fn printLabel(out: anytype, label: []const u8, bytes: []const u8) !void {
     var buf: [80]u8 = undefined;
-    var text = try std.fmt.bufPrint(buf[0..], "{} {} bytes ", .{ label, bytes.len });
+    var text = try std.fmt.bufPrint(buf[0..], "{s} {} bytes ", .{ label, bytes.len });
     try out.writeAll(text);
     var i: usize = text.len;
     const end = 79;
diff --git a/src/Module.zig b/src/Module.zig
index 5ea78d06d1..e0042d6c4d 100644
--- a/src/Module.zig
+++ b/src/Module.zig
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ pub fn ensureDeclAnalyzed(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) InnerError!void {
                 self.failed_decls.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(decl, try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(
                     self.gpa,
                     decl.src(),
-                    "unable to analyze: {}",
+                    "unable to analyze: {s}",
                     .{@errorName(err)},
                 ));
                 decl.analysis = .sema_failure_retryable;
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ fn getSrcModule(self: *Module, root_scope: *Scope.ZIRModule) !*zir.Module {
             if (zir_module.error_msg) |src_err_msg| {
                 self.failed_files.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(
                     &root_scope.base,
-                    try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, src_err_msg.byte_offset, "{}", .{src_err_msg.msg}),
+                    try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, src_err_msg.byte_offset, "{s}", .{src_err_msg.msg}),
                 );
                 root_scope.status = .unloaded_parse_failure;
                 return error.AnalysisFail;
@@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ pub fn analyzeContainer(self: *Module, container_scope: *Scope.Container) !void
                 decl.src_index = decl_i;
                 if (deleted_decls.remove(decl) == null) {
                     decl.analysis = .sema_failure;
-                    const err_msg = try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, tree.token_locs[name_tok].start, "redefinition of '{}'", .{decl.name});
+                    const err_msg = try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, tree.token_locs[name_tok].start, "redefinition of '{s}'", .{decl.name});
                     errdefer err_msg.destroy(self.gpa);
                     try self.failed_decls.putNoClobber(self.gpa, decl, err_msg);
                 } else {
@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@ pub fn analyzeContainer(self: *Module, container_scope: *Scope.Container) !void
                 decl.src_index = decl_i;
                 if (deleted_decls.remove(decl) == null) {
                     decl.analysis = .sema_failure;
-                    const err_msg = try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, name_loc.start, "redefinition of '{}'", .{decl.name});
+                    const err_msg = try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, name_loc.start, "redefinition of '{s}'", .{decl.name});
                     errdefer err_msg.destroy(self.gpa);
                     try self.failed_decls.putNoClobber(self.gpa, decl, err_msg);
                 } else if (!srcHashEql(decl.contents_hash, contents_hash)) {
@@ -1991,7 +1991,7 @@ pub fn analyzeExport(
         self.failed_exports.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(new_export, try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(
             self.gpa,
             src,
-            "exported symbol collision: {}",
+            "exported symbol collision: {s}",
             .{symbol_name},
         ));
         // TODO: add a note
@@ -2007,7 +2007,7 @@ pub fn analyzeExport(
             self.failed_exports.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(new_export, try Compilation.ErrorMsg.create(
                 self.gpa,
                 src,
-                "unable to export: {}",
+                "unable to export: {s}",
                 .{@errorName(err)},
             ));
             new_export.status = .failed_retryable;
@@ -2277,7 +2277,7 @@ pub fn createAnonymousDecl(
 ) !*Decl {
     const name_index = self.getNextAnonNameIndex();
     const scope_decl = scope.decl().?;
-    const name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(self.gpa, "{}__anon_{}", .{ scope_decl.name, name_index });
+    const name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(self.gpa, "{s}__anon_{}", .{ scope_decl.name, name_index });
     defer self.gpa.free(name);
     const name_hash = scope.namespace().fullyQualifiedNameHash(name);
     const src_hash: std.zig.SrcHash = undefined;
@@ -2384,7 +2384,7 @@ pub fn analyzeDeref(self: *Module, scope: *Scope, src: usize, ptr: *Inst, ptr_sr
 
 pub fn analyzeDeclRefByName(self: *Module, scope: *Scope, src: usize, decl_name: []const u8) InnerError!*Inst {
     const decl = self.lookupDeclName(scope, decl_name) orelse
-        return self.fail(scope, src, "decl '{}' not found", .{decl_name});
+        return self.fail(scope, src, "decl '{s}' not found", .{decl_name});
     return self.analyzeDeclRef(scope, src, decl);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/astgen.zig b/src/astgen.zig
index 3670cb260e..b4e1760368 100644
--- a/src/astgen.zig
+++ b/src/astgen.zig
@@ -1955,7 +1955,7 @@ fn identifier(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, rl: ResultLoc, ident: *ast.Node.OneTo
                 error.Overflow => return mod.failNode(
                     scope,
                     &ident.base,
-                    "primitive integer type '{}' exceeds maximum bit width of 65535",
+                    "primitive integer type '{s}' exceeds maximum bit width of 65535",
                     .{ident_name},
                 ),
                 error.InvalidCharacter => break :integer,
@@ -2010,7 +2010,7 @@ fn identifier(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, rl: ResultLoc, ident: *ast.Node.OneTo
         return rlWrapPtr(mod, scope, rl, try addZIRInst(mod, scope, src, zir.Inst.DeclValInModule, .{ .decl = decl }, .{}));
     }
 
-    return mod.failNode(scope, &ident.base, "use of undeclared identifier '{}'", .{ident_name});
+    return mod.failNode(scope, &ident.base, "use of undeclared identifier '{s}'", .{ident_name});
 }
 
 fn stringLiteral(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, str_lit: *ast.Node.OneToken) InnerError!*zir.Inst {
@@ -2204,7 +2204,7 @@ fn ensureBuiltinParamCount(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, call: *ast.Node.BuiltinC
         return;
 
     const s = if (count == 1) "" else "s";
-    return mod.failTok(scope, call.builtin_token, "expected {} parameter{}, found {}", .{ count, s, call.params_len });
+    return mod.failTok(scope, call.builtin_token, "expected {} parameter{s}, found {}", .{ count, s, call.params_len });
 }
 
 fn simpleCast(
@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ fn builtinCall(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, rl: ResultLoc, call: *ast.Node.Built
     } else if (mem.eql(u8, builtin_name, "@compileError")) {
         return compileError(mod, scope, call);
     } else {
-        return mod.failTok(scope, call.builtin_token, "invalid builtin function: '{}'", .{builtin_name});
+        return mod.failTok(scope, call.builtin_token, "invalid builtin function: '{s}'", .{builtin_name});
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/codegen.zig b/src/codegen.zig
index 9e6de711d4..6530b687e5 100644
--- a/src/codegen.zig
+++ b/src/codegen.zig
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ pub fn generateSymbol(
                 .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
                     bin_file.allocator,
                     src,
-                    "TODO implement generateSymbol for type '{}'",
+                    "TODO implement generateSymbol for type '{s}'",
                     .{@tagName(t)},
                 ),
             };
@@ -2029,7 +2029,7 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                             });
                             break :blk 0x84;
                         },
-                        else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement condbr {} when condition is {}", .{ self.target.cpu.arch, @tagName(cond) }),
+                        else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement condbr {s} when condition is {s}", .{ self.target.cpu.arch, @tagName(cond) }),
                     };
                     self.code.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(&[_]u8{ 0x0f, opcode });
                     const reloc = Reloc{ .rel32 = self.code.items.len };
@@ -2376,11 +2376,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                 .arm, .armeb => {
                     for (inst.inputs) |input, i| {
                         if (input.len < 3 or input[0] != '{' or input[input.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{}'", .{input});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{s}'", .{input});
                         }
                         const reg_name = input[1 .. input.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         const arg = try self.resolveInst(inst.args[i]);
                         try self.genSetReg(inst.base.src, reg, arg);
                     }
@@ -2393,11 +2393,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
 
                     if (inst.output) |output| {
                         if (output.len < 4 or output[0] != '=' or output[1] != '{' or output[output.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{}'", .{output});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{s}'", .{output});
                         }
                         const reg_name = output[2 .. output.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         return MCValue{ .register = reg };
                     } else {
                         return MCValue.none;
@@ -2406,11 +2406,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                 .aarch64 => {
                     for (inst.inputs) |input, i| {
                         if (input.len < 3 or input[0] != '{' or input[input.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{}'", .{input});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{s}'", .{input});
                         }
                         const reg_name = input[1 .. input.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         const arg = try self.resolveInst(inst.args[i]);
                         try self.genSetReg(inst.base.src, reg, arg);
                     }
@@ -2425,11 +2425,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
 
                     if (inst.output) |output| {
                         if (output.len < 4 or output[0] != '=' or output[1] != '{' or output[output.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{}'", .{output});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{s}'", .{output});
                         }
                         const reg_name = output[2 .. output.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         return MCValue{ .register = reg };
                     } else {
                         return MCValue.none;
@@ -2438,11 +2438,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                 .riscv64 => {
                     for (inst.inputs) |input, i| {
                         if (input.len < 3 or input[0] != '{' or input[input.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{}'", .{input});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{s}'", .{input});
                         }
                         const reg_name = input[1 .. input.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         const arg = try self.resolveInst(inst.args[i]);
                         try self.genSetReg(inst.base.src, reg, arg);
                     }
@@ -2455,11 +2455,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
 
                     if (inst.output) |output| {
                         if (output.len < 4 or output[0] != '=' or output[1] != '{' or output[output.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{}'", .{output});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{s}'", .{output});
                         }
                         const reg_name = output[2 .. output.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         return MCValue{ .register = reg };
                     } else {
                         return MCValue.none;
@@ -2468,11 +2468,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                 .x86_64, .i386 => {
                     for (inst.inputs) |input, i| {
                         if (input.len < 3 or input[0] != '{' or input[input.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{}'", .{input});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{s}'", .{input});
                         }
                         const reg_name = input[1 .. input.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         const arg = try self.resolveInst(inst.args[i]);
                         try self.genSetReg(inst.base.src, reg, arg);
                     }
@@ -2485,11 +2485,11 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
 
                     if (inst.output) |output| {
                         if (output.len < 4 or output[0] != '=' or output[1] != '{' or output[output.len - 1] != '}') {
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{}'", .{output});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{s}'", .{output});
                         }
                         const reg_name = output[2 .. output.len - 1];
                         const reg = parseRegName(reg_name) orelse
-                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
+                            return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{s}'", .{reg_name});
                         return MCValue{ .register = reg };
                     } else {
                         return MCValue.none;
@@ -3417,7 +3417,7 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                                             next_int_reg += 1;
                                         }
                                     },
-                                    else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement function parameters of type {}", .{@tagName(ty.zigTypeTag())}),
+                                    else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement function parameters of type {s}", .{@tagName(ty.zigTypeTag())}),
                                 }
                             }
                             result.stack_byte_count = next_stack_offset;
diff --git a/src/codegen/c.zig b/src/codegen/c.zig
index c6c29942d9..b97e1590e3 100644
--- a/src/codegen/c.zig
+++ b/src/codegen/c.zig
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ fn renderFunctionSignature(
                 try writer.writeAll(", ");
             }
             try renderType(ctx, writer, tv.ty.fnParamType(index));
-            try writer.print(" arg{}", .{index});
+            try writer.print(" arg{d}", .{index});
         }
     }
     try writer.writeByte(')');
@@ -481,8 +481,9 @@ fn genBinOp(ctx: *Context, file: *C, inst: *Inst.BinOp, operator: []const u8) !?
     const rhs = try ctx.resolveInst(inst.rhs);
     const writer = file.main.writer();
     const name = try ctx.name();
-    try renderTypeAndName(ctx, writer, inst.base.ty, name, .Const);
-    try writer.print(" = {s} {s} {s};\n", .{ lhs, operator, rhs });
+    try writer.writeAll(indentation ++ "const ");
+    try renderType(ctx, writer, inst.base.ty);
+    try writer.print(" {s} = {s} " ++ operator ++ " {s};\n", .{ name, lhs, rhs });
     return name;
 }
 
@@ -587,7 +588,7 @@ fn genAsm(ctx: *Context, file: *C, as: *Inst.Assembly) !?[]u8 {
             const arg = as.args[index];
             try writer.writeAll("register ");
             try renderType(ctx, writer, arg.ty);
-            try writer.print(" {}_constant __asm__(\"{}\") = ", .{ reg, reg });
+            try writer.print(" {s}_constant __asm__(\"{s}\") = ", .{ reg, reg });
             // TODO merge constant handling into inst_map as well
             if (arg.castTag(.constant)) |c| {
                 try renderValue(ctx, writer, arg.ty, c.val);
@@ -597,13 +598,13 @@ fn genAsm(ctx: *Context, file: *C, as: *Inst.Assembly) !?[]u8 {
                 if (!gop.found_existing) {
                     return ctx.fail(ctx.decl.src(), "Internal error in C backend: asm argument not found in inst_map", .{});
                 }
-                try writer.print("{};\n    ", .{gop.entry.value});
+                try writer.print("{s};\n    ", .{gop.entry.value});
             }
         } else {
             return ctx.fail(ctx.decl.src(), "TODO non-explicit inline asm regs", .{});
         }
     }
-    try writer.print("__asm {} (\"{}\"", .{ if (as.is_volatile) @as([]const u8, "volatile") else "", as.asm_source });
+    try writer.print("__asm {s} (\"{s}\"", .{ if (as.is_volatile) @as([]const u8, "volatile") else "", as.asm_source });
     if (as.output) |o| {
         return ctx.fail(ctx.decl.src(), "TODO inline asm output", .{});
     }
@@ -619,7 +620,7 @@ fn genAsm(ctx: *Context, file: *C, as: *Inst.Assembly) !?[]u8 {
                 if (index > 0) {
                     try writer.writeAll(", ");
                 }
-                try writer.print("\"\"({}_constant)", .{reg});
+                try writer.print("\"\"({s}_constant)", .{reg});
             } else {
                 // This is blocked by the earlier test
                 unreachable;
diff --git a/src/codegen/llvm.zig b/src/codegen/llvm.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a1ebada3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/codegen/llvm.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
+
+pub fn targetTriple(allocator: *Allocator, target: std.Target) ![]u8 {
+    const llvm_arch = switch (target.cpu.arch) {
+        .arm => "arm",
+        .armeb => "armeb",
+        .aarch64 => "aarch64",
+        .aarch64_be => "aarch64_be",
+        .aarch64_32 => "aarch64_32",
+        .arc => "arc",
+        .avr => "avr",
+        .bpfel => "bpfel",
+        .bpfeb => "bpfeb",
+        .hexagon => "hexagon",
+        .mips => "mips",
+        .mipsel => "mipsel",
+        .mips64 => "mips64",
+        .mips64el => "mips64el",
+        .msp430 => "msp430",
+        .powerpc => "powerpc",
+        .powerpc64 => "powerpc64",
+        .powerpc64le => "powerpc64le",
+        .r600 => "r600",
+        .amdgcn => "amdgcn",
+        .riscv32 => "riscv32",
+        .riscv64 => "riscv64",
+        .sparc => "sparc",
+        .sparcv9 => "sparcv9",
+        .sparcel => "sparcel",
+        .s390x => "s390x",
+        .tce => "tce",
+        .tcele => "tcele",
+        .thumb => "thumb",
+        .thumbeb => "thumbeb",
+        .i386 => "i386",
+        .x86_64 => "x86_64",
+        .xcore => "xcore",
+        .nvptx => "nvptx",
+        .nvptx64 => "nvptx64",
+        .le32 => "le32",
+        .le64 => "le64",
+        .amdil => "amdil",
+        .amdil64 => "amdil64",
+        .hsail => "hsail",
+        .hsail64 => "hsail64",
+        .spir => "spir",
+        .spir64 => "spir64",
+        .kalimba => "kalimba",
+        .shave => "shave",
+        .lanai => "lanai",
+        .wasm32 => "wasm32",
+        .wasm64 => "wasm64",
+        .renderscript32 => "renderscript32",
+        .renderscript64 => "renderscript64",
+        .ve => "ve",
+        .spu_2 => return error.LLVMBackendDoesNotSupportSPUMarkII,
+    };
+    // TODO Add a sub-arch for some architectures depending on CPU features.
+
+    const llvm_os = switch (target.os.tag) {
+        .freestanding => "unknown",
+        .ananas => "ananas",
+        .cloudabi => "cloudabi",
+        .dragonfly => "dragonfly",
+        .freebsd => "freebsd",
+        .fuchsia => "fuchsia",
+        .ios => "ios",
+        .kfreebsd => "kfreebsd",
+        .linux => "linux",
+        .lv2 => "lv2",
+        .macos => "macosx",
+        .netbsd => "netbsd",
+        .openbsd => "openbsd",
+        .solaris => "solaris",
+        .windows => "windows",
+        .haiku => "haiku",
+        .minix => "minix",
+        .rtems => "rtems",
+        .nacl => "nacl",
+        .cnk => "cnk",
+        .aix => "aix",
+        .cuda => "cuda",
+        .nvcl => "nvcl",
+        .amdhsa => "amdhsa",
+        .ps4 => "ps4",
+        .elfiamcu => "elfiamcu",
+        .tvos => "tvos",
+        .watchos => "watchos",
+        .mesa3d => "mesa3d",
+        .contiki => "contiki",
+        .amdpal => "amdpal",
+        .hermit => "hermit",
+        .hurd => "hurd",
+        .wasi => "wasi",
+        .emscripten => "emscripten",
+        .uefi => "windows",
+        .other => "unknown",
+    };
+
+    const llvm_abi = switch (target.abi) {
+        .none => "unknown",
+        .gnu => "gnu",
+        .gnuabin32 => "gnuabin32",
+        .gnuabi64 => "gnuabi64",
+        .gnueabi => "gnueabi",
+        .gnueabihf => "gnueabihf",
+        .gnux32 => "gnux32",
+        .code16 => "code16",
+        .eabi => "eabi",
+        .eabihf => "eabihf",
+        .android => "android",
+        .musl => "musl",
+        .musleabi => "musleabi",
+        .musleabihf => "musleabihf",
+        .msvc => "msvc",
+        .itanium => "itanium",
+        .cygnus => "cygnus",
+        .coreclr => "coreclr",
+        .simulator => "simulator",
+        .macabi => "macabi",
+    };
+
+    return std.fmt.allocPrint(allocator, "{s}-unknown-{s}-{s}", .{ llvm_arch, llvm_os, llvm_abi });
+}
diff --git a/src/glibc.zig b/src/glibc.zig
index 0c27872720..f69dd11ada 100644
--- a/src/glibc.zig
+++ b/src/glibc.zig
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
     errdefer version_table.deinit(gpa);
 
     var glibc_dir = zig_lib_dir.openDir("libc" ++ path.sep_str ++ "glibc", .{}) catch |err| {
-        std.log.err("unable to open glibc dir: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        std.log.err("unable to open glibc dir: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
     };
     defer glibc_dir.close();
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
     const vers_txt_contents = glibc_dir.readFileAlloc(gpa, "vers.txt", max_txt_size) catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
         else => {
-            std.log.err("unable to read vers.txt: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            std.log.err("unable to read vers.txt: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
         },
     };
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
     const fns_txt_contents = glibc_dir.readFileAlloc(arena, "fns.txt", max_txt_size) catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
         else => {
-            std.log.err("unable to read fns.txt: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            std.log.err("unable to read fns.txt: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
         },
     };
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
     const abi_txt_contents = glibc_dir.readFileAlloc(gpa, "abi.txt", max_txt_size) catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
         else => {
-            std.log.err("unable to read abi.txt: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            std.log.err("unable to read abi.txt: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
         },
     };
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
             }
             const adjusted_line = line[prefix.len..];
             const ver = std.builtin.Version.parse(adjusted_line) catch |err| {
-                std.log.err("vers.txt:{}: unable to parse glibc version '{}': {}", .{ line_i, line, @errorName(err) });
+                std.log.err("vers.txt:{}: unable to parse glibc version '{s}': {s}", .{ line_i, line, @errorName(err) });
                 return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
             };
             try all_versions.append(arena, ver);
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
                 return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
             };
             const lib = findLib(lib_name) orelse {
-                std.log.err("fns.txt:{}: unknown library name: {}", .{ line_i, lib_name });
+                std.log.err("fns.txt:{}: unknown library name: {s}", .{ line_i, lib_name });
                 return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
             };
             try all_functions.append(arena, .{
@@ -170,15 +170,15 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
                         return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
                     };
                     const arch_tag = std.meta.stringToEnum(std.Target.Cpu.Arch, arch_name) orelse {
-                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: unrecognized arch: '{}'", .{ line_i, arch_name });
+                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: unrecognized arch: '{s}'", .{ line_i, arch_name });
                         return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
                     };
                     if (!mem.eql(u8, os_name, "linux")) {
-                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: expected OS 'linux', found '{}'", .{ line_i, os_name });
+                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: expected OS 'linux', found '{s}'", .{ line_i, os_name });
                         return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
                     }
                     const abi_tag = std.meta.stringToEnum(std.Target.Abi, abi_name) orelse {
-                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: unrecognized ABI: '{}'", .{ line_i, abi_name });
+                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: unrecognized ABI: '{s}'", .{ line_i, abi_name });
                         return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
                     };
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ pub fn loadMetaData(gpa: *Allocator, zig_lib_dir: std.fs.Dir) LoadMetaDataError!
                     }
                     const version_index = std.fmt.parseInt(u8, version_index_string, 10) catch |err| {
                         // If this happens with legit data, increase the size of the integer type in the struct.
-                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: unable to parse version: {}", .{ line_i, @errorName(err) });
+                        std.log.err("abi.txt:{}: unable to parse version: {s}", .{ line_i, @errorName(err) });
                         return error.ZigInstallationCorrupt;
                     };
 
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ fn add_include_dirs(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, args: *std.ArrayList(
     try args.append(try path.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{ comp.zig_lib_directory.path.?, lib_libc ++ "glibc" }));
 
     try args.append("-I");
-    try args.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{}-{}-{}", .{
+    try args.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{s}-{s}-{s}", .{
         comp.zig_lib_directory.path.?, @tagName(arch), @tagName(target.os.tag), @tagName(target.abi),
     }));
 
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ fn add_include_dirs(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, args: *std.ArrayList(
     try args.append(try lib_path(comp, arena, lib_libc ++ "include" ++ s ++ "generic-glibc"));
 
     try args.append("-I");
-    try args.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{}-linux-any", .{
+    try args.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}" ++ s ++ "libc" ++ s ++ "include" ++ s ++ "{s}-linux-any", .{
         comp.zig_lib_directory.path.?, @tagName(arch),
     }));
 
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ pub fn buildSharedObjects(comp: *Compilation) !void {
         if (o_directory.handle.createFile(ok_basename, .{})) |file| {
             file.close();
         } else |err| {
-            std.log.warn("glibc shared objects: failed to mark completion: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            std.log.warn("glibc shared objects: failed to mark completion: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/libc_installation.zig b/src/libc_installation.zig
index 0b1029eeb8..cc96146e0b 100644
--- a/src/libc_installation.zig
+++ b/src/libc_installation.zig
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub const LibCInstallation = struct {
         }
         inline for (fields) |field, i| {
             if (!found_keys[i].found) {
-                log.err("missing field: {}\n", .{field.name});
+                log.err("missing field: {s}\n", .{field.name});
                 return error.ParseError;
             }
         }
@@ -96,18 +96,18 @@ pub const LibCInstallation = struct {
             return error.ParseError;
         }
         if (self.crt_dir == null and !is_darwin) {
-            log.err("crt_dir may not be empty for {}\n", .{@tagName(Target.current.os.tag)});
+            log.err("crt_dir may not be empty for {s}\n", .{@tagName(Target.current.os.tag)});
             return error.ParseError;
         }
         if (self.msvc_lib_dir == null and is_windows and !is_gnu) {
-            log.err("msvc_lib_dir may not be empty for {}-{}\n", .{
+            log.err("msvc_lib_dir may not be empty for {s}-{s}\n", .{
                 @tagName(Target.current.os.tag),
                 @tagName(Target.current.abi),
             });
             return error.ParseError;
         }
         if (self.kernel32_lib_dir == null and is_windows and !is_gnu) {
-            log.err("kernel32_lib_dir may not be empty for {}-{}\n", .{
+            log.err("kernel32_lib_dir may not be empty for {s}-{s}\n", .{
                 @tagName(Target.current.os.tag),
                 @tagName(Target.current.abi),
             });
@@ -128,25 +128,25 @@ pub const LibCInstallation = struct {
         try out.print(
             \\# The directory that contains `stdlib.h`.
             \\# On POSIX-like systems, include directories be found with: `cc -E -Wp,-v -xc /dev/null`
-            \\include_dir={}
+            \\include_dir={s}
             \\
             \\# The system-specific include directory. May be the same as `include_dir`.
             \\# On Windows it's the directory that includes `vcruntime.h`.
             \\# On POSIX it's the directory that includes `sys/errno.h`.
-            \\sys_include_dir={}
+            \\sys_include_dir={s}
             \\
             \\# The directory that contains `crt1.o` or `crt2.o`.
             \\# On POSIX, can be found with `cc -print-file-name=crt1.o`.
             \\# Not needed when targeting MacOS.
-            \\crt_dir={}
+            \\crt_dir={s}
             \\
             \\# The directory that contains `vcruntime.lib`.
             \\# Only needed when targeting MSVC on Windows.
-            \\msvc_lib_dir={}
+            \\msvc_lib_dir={s}
             \\
             \\# The directory that contains `kernel32.lib`.
             \\# Only needed when targeting MSVC on Windows.
-            \\kernel32_lib_dir={}
+            \\kernel32_lib_dir={s}
             \\
         , .{
             include_dir,
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ pub const LibCInstallation = struct {
 
         for (searches) |search| {
             result_buf.shrink(0);
-            try result_buf.outStream().print("{}\\Include\\{}\\ucrt", .{ search.path, search.version });
+            try result_buf.outStream().print("{s}\\Include\\{s}\\ucrt", .{ search.path, search.version });
 
             var dir = fs.cwd().openDir(result_buf.items, .{}) catch |err| switch (err) {
                 error.FileNotFound,
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ pub const LibCInstallation = struct {
 
         for (searches) |search| {
             result_buf.shrink(0);
-            try result_buf.outStream().print("{}\\Lib\\{}\\ucrt\\{}", .{ search.path, search.version, arch_sub_dir });
+            try result_buf.outStream().print("{s}\\Lib\\{s}\\ucrt\\{s}", .{ search.path, search.version, arch_sub_dir });
 
             var dir = fs.cwd().openDir(result_buf.items, .{}) catch |err| switch (err) {
                 error.FileNotFound,
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ pub const LibCInstallation = struct {
         for (searches) |search| {
             result_buf.shrink(0);
             const stream = result_buf.outStream();
-            try stream.print("{}\\Lib\\{}\\um\\{}", .{ search.path, search.version, arch_sub_dir });
+            try stream.print("{s}\\Lib\\{s}\\um\\{s}", .{ search.path, search.version, arch_sub_dir });
 
             var dir = fs.cwd().openDir(result_buf.items, .{}) catch |err| switch (err) {
                 error.FileNotFound,
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ fn ccPrintFileName(args: CCPrintFileNameOptions) ![:0]u8 {
     const allocator = args.allocator;
 
     const cc_exe = std.os.getenvZ("CC") orelse default_cc_exe;
-    const arg1 = try std.fmt.allocPrint(allocator, "-print-file-name={}", .{args.search_basename});
+    const arg1 = try std.fmt.allocPrint(allocator, "-print-file-name={s}", .{args.search_basename});
     defer allocator.free(arg1);
     const argv = [_][]const u8{ cc_exe, arg1 };
 
@@ -584,17 +584,17 @@ fn printVerboseInvocation(
     if (!verbose) return;
 
     if (search_basename) |s| {
-        std.debug.warn("Zig attempted to find the file '{}' by executing this command:\n", .{s});
+        std.debug.warn("Zig attempted to find the file '{s}' by executing this command:\n", .{s});
     } else {
         std.debug.warn("Zig attempted to find the path to native system libc headers by executing this command:\n", .{});
     }
     for (argv) |arg, i| {
         if (i != 0) std.debug.warn(" ", .{});
-        std.debug.warn("{}", .{arg});
+        std.debug.warn("{s}", .{arg});
     }
     std.debug.warn("\n", .{});
     if (stderr) |s| {
-        std.debug.warn("Output:\n==========\n{}\n==========\n", .{s});
+        std.debug.warn("Output:\n==========\n{s}\n==========\n", .{s});
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/link.zig b/src/link.zig
index 468f23bffd..92702c7973 100644
--- a/src/link.zig
+++ b/src/link.zig
@@ -560,9 +560,9 @@ pub const File = struct {
         const full_out_path_z = try arena.dupeZ(u8, full_out_path);
 
         if (base.options.verbose_link) {
-            std.debug.print("ar rcs {}", .{full_out_path_z});
+            std.debug.print("ar rcs {s}", .{full_out_path_z});
             for (object_files.items) |arg| {
-                std.debug.print(" {}", .{arg});
+                std.debug.print(" {s}", .{arg});
             }
             std.debug.print("\n", .{});
         }
@@ -574,11 +574,11 @@ pub const File = struct {
 
         if (!base.options.disable_lld_caching) {
             Cache.writeSmallFile(directory.handle, id_symlink_basename, &digest) catch |err| {
-                log.warn("failed to save archive hash digest file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                log.warn("failed to save archive hash digest file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
 
             man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-                log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when archiving: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when archiving: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
 
             base.lock = man.toOwnedLock();
diff --git a/src/link/C.zig b/src/link/C.zig
index 1059e52115..3ac9db717f 100644
--- a/src/link/C.zig
+++ b/src/link/C.zig
@@ -111,8 +111,11 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *C, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     if (self.header.buf.items.len > 0) {
         try writer.writeByte('\n');
     }
+    if (self.header.items.len > 0) {
+        try writer.print("{s}\n", .{self.header.items});
+    }
     if (self.constants.items.len > 0) {
-        try writer.print("{}\n", .{self.constants.items});
+        try writer.print("{s}\n", .{self.constants.items});
     }
     if (self.main.items.len > 1) {
         const last_two = self.main.items[self.main.items.len - 2 ..];
diff --git a/src/link/Coff.zig b/src/link/Coff.zig
index 096fa2cd0b..a3cb5cc4c7 100644
--- a/src/link/Coff.zig
+++ b/src/link/Coff.zig
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *Coff, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
         if (need_realloc) {
             const curr_vaddr = self.getDeclVAddr(decl);
             const vaddr = try self.growTextBlock(&decl.link.coff, code.len, required_alignment);
-            log.debug("growing {} from 0x{x} to 0x{x}\n", .{ decl.name, curr_vaddr, vaddr });
+            log.debug("growing {s} from 0x{x} to 0x{x}\n", .{ decl.name, curr_vaddr, vaddr });
             if (vaddr != curr_vaddr) {
                 log.debug("  (writing new offset table entry)\n", .{});
                 self.offset_table.items[decl.link.coff.offset_table_index] = vaddr;
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *Coff, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
         }
     } else {
         const vaddr = try self.allocateTextBlock(&decl.link.coff, code.len, required_alignment);
-        log.debug("allocated text block for {} at 0x{x} (size: {Bi})\n", .{ mem.spanZ(decl.name), vaddr, code.len });
+        log.debug("allocated text block for {s} at 0x{x} (size: {Bi})\n", .{ mem.spanZ(decl.name), vaddr, code.len });
         errdefer self.freeTextBlock(&decl.link.coff);
         self.offset_table.items[decl.link.coff.offset_table_index] = vaddr;
         try self.writeOffsetTableEntry(decl.link.coff.offset_table_index);
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Coff, comp: *Compilation) !void {
             id_symlink_basename,
             &prev_digest_buf,
         ) catch |err| blk: {
-            log.debug("COFF LLD new_digest={} error: {}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
+            log.debug("COFF LLD new_digest={} error: {s}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
             // Handle this as a cache miss.
             break :blk prev_digest_buf[0..0];
         };
@@ -1236,11 +1236,11 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Coff, comp: *Compilation) !void {
         // Update the file with the digest. If it fails we can continue; it only
         // means that the next invocation will have an unnecessary cache miss.
         Cache.writeSmallFile(directory.handle, id_symlink_basename, &digest) catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // Again failure here only means an unnecessary cache miss.
         man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // We hang on to this lock so that the output file path can be used without
         // other processes clobbering it.
diff --git a/src/link/Elf.zig b/src/link/Elf.zig
index 4b2b95fc72..2db15ae280 100644
--- a/src/link/Elf.zig
+++ b/src/link/Elf.zig
@@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
             id_symlink_basename,
             &prev_digest_buf,
         ) catch |err| blk: {
-            log.debug("ELF LLD new_digest={} error: {}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
+            log.debug("ELF LLD new_digest={} error: {s}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
             // Handle this as a cache miss.
             break :blk prev_digest_buf[0..0];
         };
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
 
     if (self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe) {
         try argv.append("-z");
-        try argv.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "stack-size={}", .{stack_size}));
+        try argv.append(try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "stack-size={d}", .{stack_size}));
     }
 
     if (self.base.options.image_base_override) |image_base| {
@@ -1438,7 +1438,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     if (getLDMOption(target)) |ldm| {
         // Any target ELF will use the freebsd osabi if suffixed with "_fbsd".
         const arg = if (target.os.tag == .freebsd)
-            try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}_fbsd", .{ldm})
+            try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}_fbsd", .{ldm})
         else
             ldm;
         try argv.append("-m");
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
             // (the check for that needs to be earlier), but they could be full paths to .so files, in which
             // case we want to avoid prepending "-l".
             const ext = Compilation.classifyFileExt(link_lib);
-            const arg = if (ext == .shared_library) link_lib else try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "-l{}", .{link_lib});
+            const arg = if (ext == .shared_library) link_lib else try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "-l{s}", .{link_lib});
             argv.appendAssumeCapacity(arg);
         }
 
@@ -1733,11 +1733,11 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
         // Update the file with the digest. If it fails we can continue; it only
         // means that the next invocation will have an unnecessary cache miss.
         Cache.writeSmallFile(directory.handle, id_symlink_basename, &digest) catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // Again failure here only means an unnecessary cache miss.
         man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // We hang on to this lock so that the output file path can be used without
         // other processes clobbering it.
@@ -2082,10 +2082,10 @@ pub fn allocateDeclIndexes(self: *Elf, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
     try self.offset_table.ensureCapacity(self.base.allocator, self.offset_table.items.len + 1);
 
     if (self.local_symbol_free_list.popOrNull()) |i| {
-        log.debug("reusing symbol index {} for {}\n", .{ i, decl.name });
+        log.debug("reusing symbol index {} for {s}\n", .{ i, decl.name });
         decl.link.elf.local_sym_index = i;
     } else {
-        log.debug("allocating symbol index {} for {}\n", .{ self.local_symbols.items.len, decl.name });
+        log.debug("allocating symbol index {} for {s}\n", .{ self.local_symbols.items.len, decl.name });
         decl.link.elf.local_sym_index = @intCast(u32, self.local_symbols.items.len);
         _ = self.local_symbols.addOneAssumeCapacity();
     }
@@ -2182,7 +2182,7 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *Elf, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
         if (zir_dumps.len != 0) {
             for (zir_dumps) |fn_name| {
                 if (mem.eql(u8, mem.spanZ(decl.name), fn_name)) {
-                    std.debug.print("\n{}\n", .{decl.name});
+                    std.debug.print("\n{s}\n", .{decl.name});
                     typed_value.val.castTag(.function).?.data.dump(module.*);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/link/MachO.zig b/src/link/MachO.zig
index 6abbae2c26..d4a61c8149 100644
--- a/src/link/MachO.zig
+++ b/src/link/MachO.zig
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *MachO, comp: *Compilation) !void {
             id_symlink_basename,
             &prev_digest_buf,
         ) catch |err| blk: {
-            log.debug("MachO LLD new_digest={} error: {}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
+            log.debug("MachO LLD new_digest={} error: {s}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
             // Handle this as a cache miss.
             break :blk prev_digest_buf[0..0];
         };
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *MachO, comp: *Compilation) !void {
             // (the check for that needs to be earlier), but they could be full paths to .dylib files, in which
             // case we want to avoid prepending "-l".
             const ext = Compilation.classifyFileExt(link_lib);
-            const arg = if (ext == .shared_library) link_lib else try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "-l{}", .{link_lib});
+            const arg = if (ext == .shared_library) link_lib else try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "-l{s}", .{link_lib});
             argv.appendAssumeCapacity(arg);
         }
 
@@ -759,15 +759,15 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *MachO, comp: *Compilation) !void {
                 self.base.allocator.free(result.stderr);
             }
             if (result.stdout.len != 0) {
-                log.warn("unexpected LD stdout: {}", .{result.stdout});
+                log.warn("unexpected LD stdout: {s}", .{result.stdout});
             }
             if (result.stderr.len != 0) {
-                log.warn("unexpected LD stderr: {}", .{result.stderr});
+                log.warn("unexpected LD stderr: {s}", .{result.stderr});
             }
             if (result.term != .Exited or result.term.Exited != 0) {
                 // TODO parse this output and surface with the Compilation API rather than
                 // directly outputting to stderr here.
-                log.err("{}", .{result.stderr});
+                log.err("{s}", .{result.stderr});
                 return error.LDReportedFailure;
             }
         } else {
@@ -980,11 +980,11 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *MachO, comp: *Compilation) !void {
         // Update the file with the digest. If it fails we can continue; it only
         // means that the next invocation will have an unnecessary cache miss.
         Cache.writeSmallFile(directory.handle, id_symlink_basename, &digest) catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // Again failure here only means an unnecessary cache miss.
         man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // We hang on to this lock so that the output file path can be used without
         // other processes clobbering it.
@@ -1088,10 +1088,10 @@ pub fn allocateDeclIndexes(self: *MachO, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
     try self.offset_table.ensureCapacity(self.base.allocator, self.offset_table.items.len + 1);
 
     if (self.local_symbol_free_list.popOrNull()) |i| {
-        log.debug("reusing symbol index {} for {}", .{ i, decl.name });
+        log.debug("reusing symbol index {d} for {s}", .{ i, decl.name });
         decl.link.macho.local_sym_index = i;
     } else {
-        log.debug("allocating symbol index {} for {}", .{ self.local_symbols.items.len, decl.name });
+        log.debug("allocating symbol index {d} for {s}", .{ self.local_symbols.items.len, decl.name });
         decl.link.macho.local_sym_index = @intCast(u32, self.local_symbols.items.len);
         _ = self.local_symbols.addOneAssumeCapacity();
     }
@@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *MachO, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
         const need_realloc = code.len > capacity or !mem.isAlignedGeneric(u64, symbol.n_value, required_alignment);
         if (need_realloc) {
             const vaddr = try self.growTextBlock(&decl.link.macho, code.len, required_alignment);
-            log.debug("growing {} from 0x{x} to 0x{x}", .{ decl.name, symbol.n_value, vaddr });
+            log.debug("growing {s} from 0x{x} to 0x{x}", .{ decl.name, symbol.n_value, vaddr });
             if (vaddr != symbol.n_value) {
                 symbol.n_value = vaddr;
                 log.debug(" (writing new offset table entry)", .{});
@@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *MachO, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
         const decl_name = mem.spanZ(decl.name);
         const name_str_index = try self.makeString(decl_name);
         const addr = try self.allocateTextBlock(&decl.link.macho, code.len, required_alignment);
-        log.debug("allocated text block for {} at 0x{x}", .{ decl_name, addr });
+        log.debug("allocated text block for {s} at 0x{x}", .{ decl_name, addr });
         errdefer self.freeTextBlock(&decl.link.macho);
 
         symbol.* = .{
diff --git a/src/link/Wasm.zig b/src/link/Wasm.zig
index 374fa2230b..cbb3e83147 100644
--- a/src/link/Wasm.zig
+++ b/src/link/Wasm.zig
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Wasm, comp: *Compilation) !void {
             id_symlink_basename,
             &prev_digest_buf,
         ) catch |err| blk: {
-            log.debug("WASM LLD new_digest={} error: {}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
+            log.debug("WASM LLD new_digest={} error: {s}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
             // Handle this as a cache miss.
             break :blk prev_digest_buf[0..0];
         };
@@ -463,11 +463,11 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Wasm, comp: *Compilation) !void {
         // Update the file with the digest. If it fails we can continue; it only
         // means that the next invocation will have an unnecessary cache miss.
         Cache.writeSmallFile(directory.handle, id_symlink_basename, &digest) catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest symlink: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest symlink: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // Again failure here only means an unnecessary cache miss.
         man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
-            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         // We hang on to this lock so that the output file path can be used without
         // other processes clobbering it.
diff --git a/src/main.zig b/src/main.zig
index 98b19cc3ea..7d03ea956f 100644
--- a/src/main.zig
+++ b/src/main.zig
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn main() anyerror!void {
 
 pub fn mainArgs(gpa: *Allocator, arena: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
     if (args.len <= 1) {
-        std.log.info("{}", .{usage});
+        std.log.info("{s}", .{usage});
         fatal("expected command argument", .{});
     }
 
@@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ pub fn mainArgs(gpa: *Allocator, arena: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !v
     } else if (mem.eql(u8, cmd, "help") or mem.eql(u8, cmd, "-h") or mem.eql(u8, cmd, "--help")) {
         try io.getStdOut().writeAll(usage);
     } else {
-        std.log.info("{}", .{usage});
-        fatal("unknown command: {}", .{args[1]});
+        std.log.info("{s}", .{usage});
+        fatal("unknown command: {s}", .{args[1]});
     }
 }
 
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                             fatal("unexpected end-of-parameter mark: --", .{});
                         }
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--pkg-begin")) {
-                        if (i + 2 >= args.len) fatal("Expected 2 arguments after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 2 >= args.len) fatal("Expected 2 arguments after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         const pkg_name = args[i];
                         i += 1;
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                         cur_pkg = cur_pkg.parent orelse
                             fatal("encountered --pkg-end with no matching --pkg-begin", .{});
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--main-pkg-path")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         main_pkg_path = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-cflags")) {
@@ -653,10 +653,10 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                         i += 1;
                         const next_arg = args[i];
                         color = std.meta.stringToEnum(Color, next_arg) orelse {
-                            fatal("expected [auto|on|off] after --color, found '{}'", .{next_arg});
+                            fatal("expected [auto|on|off] after --color, found '{s}'", .{next_arg});
                         };
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--subsystem")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         if (mem.eql(u8, args[i], "console")) {
                             subsystem = .Console;
@@ -689,51 +689,51 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                             });
                         }
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-O")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         optimize_mode_string = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--stack")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         stack_size_override = std.fmt.parseUnsigned(u64, args[i], 0) catch |err| {
                             fatal("unable to parse '{}': {}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
                         };
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--image-base")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         image_base_override = std.fmt.parseUnsigned(u64, args[i], 0) catch |err| {
                             fatal("unable to parse '{}': {}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
                         };
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--name")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         provided_name = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-rpath")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         try rpath_list.append(args[i]);
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--library-directory") or mem.eql(u8, arg, "-L")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         try lib_dirs.append(args[i]);
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-F")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         try framework_dirs.append(args[i]);
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-framework")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         try frameworks.append(args[i]);
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-T") or mem.eql(u8, arg, "--script")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         linker_script = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--version-script")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         version_script = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--library") or mem.eql(u8, arg, "-l")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         // We don't know whether this library is part of libc or libc++ until we resolve the target.
                         // So we simply append to the list for now.
                         i += 1;
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                         mem.eql(u8, arg, "-I") or
                         mem.eql(u8, arg, "-dirafter"))
                     {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         try clang_argv.append(arg);
                         try clang_argv.append(args[i]);
@@ -753,19 +753,19 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                         }
                         i += 1;
                         version = std.builtin.Version.parse(args[i]) catch |err| {
-                            fatal("unable to parse --version '{}': {}", .{ args[i], @errorName(err) });
+                            fatal("unable to parse --version '{s}': {s}", .{ args[i], @errorName(err) });
                         };
                         have_version = true;
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-target")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         target_arch_os_abi = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-mcpu")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         target_mcpu = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-mcmodel")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         machine_code_model = parseCodeModel(args[i]);
                     } else if (mem.startsWith(u8, arg, "-ofmt=")) {
@@ -777,35 +777,35 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                     } else if (mem.startsWith(u8, arg, "-O")) {
                         optimize_mode_string = arg["-O".len..];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--dynamic-linker")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         target_dynamic_linker = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--libc")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         libc_paths_file = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--test-filter")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         test_filter = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--test-name-prefix")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         test_name_prefix = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--test-cmd")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         try test_exec_args.append(args[i]);
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--cache-dir")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         override_local_cache_dir = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--global-cache-dir")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         override_global_cache_dir = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--override-lib-dir")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {}", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected parameter after {s}", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         override_lib_dir = args[i];
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-fcompiler-rt")) {
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                     {
                         try clang_argv.append(arg);
                     } else {
-                        fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                 } else switch (Compilation.classifyFileExt(arg)) {
                     .object, .static_library, .shared_library => {
@@ -982,19 +982,19 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                     },
                     .zig, .zir => {
                         if (root_src_file) |other| {
-                            fatal("found another zig file '{}' after root source file '{}'", .{ arg, other });
+                            fatal("found another zig file '{s}' after root source file '{s}'", .{ arg, other });
                         } else {
                             root_src_file = arg;
                         }
                     },
                     .unknown => {
-                        fatal("unrecognized file extension of parameter '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("unrecognized file extension of parameter '{s}'", .{arg});
                     },
                 }
             }
             if (optimize_mode_string) |s| {
                 optimize_mode = std.meta.stringToEnum(std.builtin.Mode, s) orelse
-                    fatal("unrecognized optimization mode: '{}'", .{s});
+                    fatal("unrecognized optimization mode: '{s}'", .{s});
             }
         },
         .cc, .cpp => {
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
             var it = ClangArgIterator.init(arena, all_args);
             while (it.has_next) {
                 it.next() catch |err| {
-                    fatal("unable to parse command line parameters: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                    fatal("unable to parse command line parameters: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
                 };
                 switch (it.zig_equivalent) {
                     .target => target_arch_os_abi = it.only_arg, // example: -target riscv64-linux-unknown
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                             },
                             .zig, .zir => {
                                 if (root_src_file) |other| {
-                                    fatal("found another zig file '{}' after root source file '{}'", .{ it.only_arg, other });
+                                    fatal("found another zig file '{s}' after root source file '{s}'", .{ it.only_arg, other });
                                 } else {
                                     root_src_file = it.only_arg;
                                 }
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                 if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-soname")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     const name = linker_args.items[i];
                     soname = .{ .yes = name };
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-rpath")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     try rpath_list.append(linker_args.items[i]);
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-I") or
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                 {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     target_dynamic_linker = linker_args.items[i];
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-E") or
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--version-script")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     version_script = linker_args.items[i];
                 } else if (mem.startsWith(u8, arg, "-O")) {
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "-z")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     const z_arg = linker_args.items[i];
                     if (mem.eql(u8, z_arg, "nodelete")) {
@@ -1235,44 +1235,44 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, z_arg, "defs")) {
                         linker_z_defs = true;
                     } else {
-                        warn("unsupported linker arg: -z {}", .{z_arg});
+                        warn("unsupported linker arg: -z {s}", .{z_arg});
                     }
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--major-image-version")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     version.major = std.fmt.parseUnsigned(u32, linker_args.items[i], 10) catch |err| {
-                        fatal("unable to parse '{}': {}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
+                        fatal("unable to parse '{s}': {s}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
                     };
                     have_version = true;
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--minor-image-version")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     version.minor = std.fmt.parseUnsigned(u32, linker_args.items[i], 10) catch |err| {
-                        fatal("unable to parse '{}': {}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
+                        fatal("unable to parse '{s}': {s}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
                     };
                     have_version = true;
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--stack")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     stack_size_override = std.fmt.parseUnsigned(u64, linker_args.items[i], 0) catch |err| {
-                        fatal("unable to parse '{}': {}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
+                        fatal("unable to parse '{s}': {s}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
                     };
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--image-base")) {
                     i += 1;
                     if (i >= linker_args.items.len) {
-                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("expected linker arg after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     image_base_override = std.fmt.parseUnsigned(u64, linker_args.items[i], 0) catch |err| {
-                        fatal("unable to parse '{}': {}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
+                        fatal("unable to parse '{s}': {s}", .{ arg, @errorName(err) });
                     };
                 } else {
-                    warn("unsupported linker arg: {}", .{arg});
+                    warn("unsupported linker arg: {s}", .{arg});
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
     }
 
     if (arg_mode == .translate_c and c_source_files.items.len != 1) {
-        fatal("translate-c expects exactly 1 source file (found {})", .{c_source_files.items.len});
+        fatal("translate-c expects exactly 1 source file (found {d})", .{c_source_files.items.len});
     }
 
     if (root_src_file == null and arg_mode == .zig_test) {
@@ -1373,25 +1373,25 @@ fn buildOutputType(
             help: {
                 var help_text = std.ArrayList(u8).init(arena);
                 for (diags.arch.?.allCpuModels()) |cpu| {
-                    help_text.writer().print(" {}\n", .{cpu.name}) catch break :help;
+                    help_text.writer().print(" {s}\n", .{cpu.name}) catch break :help;
                 }
-                std.log.info("Available CPUs for architecture '{}': {}", .{
+                std.log.info("Available CPUs for architecture '{s}': {s}", .{
                     @tagName(diags.arch.?), help_text.items,
                 });
             }
-            fatal("Unknown CPU: '{}'", .{diags.cpu_name.?});
+            fatal("Unknown CPU: '{s}'", .{diags.cpu_name.?});
         },
         error.UnknownCpuFeature => {
             help: {
                 var help_text = std.ArrayList(u8).init(arena);
                 for (diags.arch.?.allFeaturesList()) |feature| {
-                    help_text.writer().print(" {}: {}\n", .{ feature.name, feature.description }) catch break :help;
+                    help_text.writer().print(" {s}: {s}\n", .{ feature.name, feature.description }) catch break :help;
                 }
-                std.log.info("Available CPU features for architecture '{}': {}", .{
+                std.log.info("Available CPU features for architecture '{s}': {s}", .{
                     @tagName(diags.arch.?), help_text.items,
                 });
             }
-            fatal("Unknown CPU feature: '{}'", .{diags.unknown_feature_name});
+            fatal("Unknown CPU feature: '{s}'", .{diags.unknown_feature_name});
         },
         else => |e| return e,
     };
@@ -1431,10 +1431,10 @@ fn buildOutputType(
 
     if (cross_target.isNativeOs() and (system_libs.items.len != 0 or want_native_include_dirs)) {
         const paths = std.zig.system.NativePaths.detect(arena) catch |err| {
-            fatal("unable to detect native system paths: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            fatal("unable to detect native system paths: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         for (paths.warnings.items) |warning| {
-            warn("{}", .{warning});
+            warn("{s}", .{warning});
         }
 
         const has_sysroot = if (comptime std.Target.current.isDarwin()) outer: {
@@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
         } else if (mem.eql(u8, ofmt, "raw")) {
             break :blk .raw;
         } else {
-            fatal("unsupported object format: {}", .{ofmt});
+            fatal("unsupported object format: {s}", .{ofmt});
         }
     };
 
@@ -1562,7 +1562,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
             }
             if (fs.path.dirname(full_path)) |dirname| {
                 const handle = fs.cwd().openDir(dirname, .{}) catch |err| {
-                    fatal("unable to open output directory '{}': {}", .{ dirname, @errorName(err) });
+                    fatal("unable to open output directory '{s}': {s}", .{ dirname, @errorName(err) });
                 };
                 cleanup_emit_bin_dir = handle;
                 break :b Compilation.EmitLoc{
@@ -1585,19 +1585,19 @@ fn buildOutputType(
         },
     };
 
-    const default_h_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.h", .{root_name});
+    const default_h_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.h", .{root_name});
     var emit_h_resolved = try emit_h.resolve(default_h_basename);
     defer emit_h_resolved.deinit();
 
-    const default_asm_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.s", .{root_name});
+    const default_asm_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.s", .{root_name});
     var emit_asm_resolved = try emit_asm.resolve(default_asm_basename);
     defer emit_asm_resolved.deinit();
 
-    const default_llvm_ir_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.ll", .{root_name});
+    const default_llvm_ir_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.ll", .{root_name});
     var emit_llvm_ir_resolved = try emit_llvm_ir.resolve(default_llvm_ir_basename);
     defer emit_llvm_ir_resolved.deinit();
 
-    const default_analysis_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}-analysis.json", .{root_name});
+    const default_analysis_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}-analysis.json", .{root_name});
     var emit_analysis_resolved = try emit_analysis.resolve(default_analysis_basename);
     defer emit_analysis_resolved.deinit();
 
@@ -1609,10 +1609,10 @@ fn buildOutputType(
         .yes_default_path => blk: {
             if (root_src_file) |rsf| {
                 if (mem.endsWith(u8, rsf, ".zir")) {
-                    break :blk try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.out.zir", .{root_name});
+                    break :blk try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.out.zir", .{root_name});
                 }
             }
-            break :blk try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.zir", .{root_name});
+            break :blk try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.zir", .{root_name});
         },
         .yes => |p| p,
     };
@@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
         }
     else
         introspect.findZigLibDirFromSelfExe(arena, self_exe_path) catch |err| {
-            fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
     defer zig_lib_directory.handle.close();
 
@@ -1655,7 +1655,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
 
     if (libc_paths_file) |paths_file| {
         libc_installation = LibCInstallation.parse(gpa, paths_file) catch |err| {
-            fatal("unable to parse libc paths file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            fatal("unable to parse libc paths file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
     }
 
@@ -1791,7 +1791,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
         .disable_lld_caching = !have_enable_cache,
         .subsystem = subsystem,
     }) catch |err| {
-        fatal("unable to create compilation: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        fatal("unable to create compilation: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     var comp_destroyed = false;
     defer if (!comp_destroyed) comp.destroy();
@@ -1914,12 +1914,12 @@ fn buildOutputType(
                                 if (!watch) return cleanExit();
                             } else {
                                 const cmd = try argvCmd(arena, argv.items);
-                                fatal("the following test command failed with exit code {}:\n{}", .{ code, cmd });
+                                fatal("the following test command failed with exit code {}:\n{s}", .{ code, cmd });
                             }
                         },
                         else => {
                             const cmd = try argvCmd(arena, argv.items);
-                            fatal("the following test command crashed:\n{}", .{cmd});
+                            fatal("the following test command crashed:\n{s}", .{cmd});
                         },
                     }
                 },
@@ -1936,7 +1936,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
         try stderr.print("(zig) ", .{});
         try comp.makeBinFileExecutable();
         if (stdin.readUntilDelimiterOrEof(&repl_buf, '\n') catch |err| {
-            try stderr.print("\nUnable to parse command: {}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
+            try stderr.print("\nUnable to parse command: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
             continue;
         }) |line| {
             const actual_line = mem.trimRight(u8, line, "\r\n ");
@@ -1954,7 +1954,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
             } else if (mem.eql(u8, actual_line, "help")) {
                 try stderr.writeAll(repl_help);
             } else {
-                try stderr.print("unknown command: {}\n", .{actual_line});
+                try stderr.print("unknown command: {s}\n", .{actual_line});
             }
         } else {
             break;
@@ -2012,14 +2012,14 @@ fn cmdTranslateC(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, enable_cache: bool) !voi
     assert(comp.c_source_files.len == 1);
     const c_source_file = comp.c_source_files[0];
 
-    const translated_zig_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.zig", .{comp.bin_file.options.root_name});
+    const translated_zig_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.zig", .{comp.bin_file.options.root_name});
 
     var man: Cache.Manifest = comp.obtainCObjectCacheManifest();
     defer if (enable_cache) man.deinit();
 
     man.hash.add(@as(u16, 0xb945)); // Random number to distinguish translate-c from compiling C objects
     _ = man.addFile(c_source_file.src_path, null) catch |err| {
-        fatal("unable to process '{}': {}", .{ c_source_file.src_path, @errorName(err) });
+        fatal("unable to process '{s}': {s}", .{ c_source_file.src_path, @errorName(err) });
     };
 
     const digest = if (try man.hit()) man.final() else digest: {
@@ -2034,7 +2034,7 @@ fn cmdTranslateC(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, enable_cache: bool) !voi
                 break :blk null;
 
             const c_src_basename = fs.path.basename(c_source_file.src_path);
-            const dep_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.d", .{c_src_basename});
+            const dep_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}.d", .{c_src_basename});
             const out_dep_path = try comp.tmpFilePath(arena, dep_basename);
             break :blk out_dep_path;
         };
@@ -2069,7 +2069,7 @@ fn cmdTranslateC(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, enable_cache: bool) !voi
             error.ASTUnitFailure => fatal("clang API returned errors but due to a clang bug, it is not exposing the errors for zig to see. For more details: https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/4455", .{}),
             error.SemanticAnalyzeFail => {
                 for (clang_errors) |clang_err| {
-                    std.debug.print("{}:{}:{}: {}\n", .{
+                    std.debug.print("{s}:{}:{}: {s}\n", .{
                         if (clang_err.filename_ptr) |p| p[0..clang_err.filename_len] else "(no file)",
                         clang_err.line + 1,
                         clang_err.column + 1,
@@ -2087,7 +2087,7 @@ fn cmdTranslateC(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, enable_cache: bool) !voi
             try man.addDepFilePost(zig_cache_tmp_dir, dep_basename);
             // Just to save disk space, we delete the file because it is never needed again.
             zig_cache_tmp_dir.deleteFile(dep_basename) catch |err| {
-                warn("failed to delete '{}': {}", .{ dep_file_path, @errorName(err) });
+                warn("failed to delete '{s}': {s}", .{ dep_file_path, @errorName(err) });
             };
         }
 
@@ -2102,7 +2102,7 @@ fn cmdTranslateC(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, enable_cache: bool) !voi
         _ = try std.zig.render(comp.gpa, bos.writer(), tree);
         try bos.flush();
 
-        man.writeManifest() catch |err| warn("failed to write cache manifest: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        man.writeManifest() catch |err| warn("failed to write cache manifest: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
 
         break :digest digest;
     };
@@ -2111,7 +2111,7 @@ fn cmdTranslateC(comp: *Compilation, arena: *Allocator, enable_cache: bool) !voi
         const full_zig_path = try comp.local_cache_directory.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{
             "o", &digest, translated_zig_basename,
         });
-        try io.getStdOut().writer().print("{}\n", .{full_zig_path});
+        try io.getStdOut().writer().print("{s}\n", .{full_zig_path});
         return cleanExit();
     } else {
         const out_zig_path = try fs.path.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{ "o", &digest, translated_zig_basename });
@@ -2148,10 +2148,10 @@ pub fn cmdLibC(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
                     try stdout.writeAll(usage_libc);
                     return cleanExit();
                 } else {
-                    fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{}'", .{arg});
+                    fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{s}'", .{arg});
                 }
             } else if (input_file != null) {
-                fatal("unexpected extra parameter: '{}'", .{arg});
+                fatal("unexpected extra parameter: '{s}'", .{arg});
             } else {
                 input_file = arg;
             }
@@ -2159,7 +2159,7 @@ pub fn cmdLibC(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
     }
     if (input_file) |libc_file| {
         var libc = LibCInstallation.parse(gpa, libc_file) catch |err| {
-            fatal("unable to parse libc file: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            fatal("unable to parse libc file: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         defer libc.deinit(gpa);
     } else {
@@ -2167,7 +2167,7 @@ pub fn cmdLibC(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
             .allocator = gpa,
             .verbose = true,
         }) catch |err| {
-            fatal("unable to detect native libc: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            fatal("unable to detect native libc: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         defer libc.deinit(gpa);
 
@@ -2205,16 +2205,16 @@ pub fn cmdInit(
                     try io.getStdOut().writeAll(usage_init);
                     return cleanExit();
                 } else {
-                    fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{}'", .{arg});
+                    fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{s}'", .{arg});
                 }
             } else {
-                fatal("unexpected extra parameter: '{}'", .{arg});
+                fatal("unexpected extra parameter: '{s}'", .{arg});
             }
         }
     }
     const self_exe_path = try fs.selfExePathAlloc(arena);
     var zig_lib_directory = introspect.findZigLibDirFromSelfExe(arena, self_exe_path) catch |err| {
-        fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
+        fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     defer zig_lib_directory.handle.close();
 
@@ -2232,7 +2232,7 @@ pub fn cmdInit(
 
     const max_bytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
     const build_zig_contents = template_dir.readFileAlloc(arena, "build.zig", max_bytes) catch |err| {
-        fatal("unable to read template file 'build.zig': {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        fatal("unable to read template file 'build.zig': {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     var modified_build_zig_contents = std.ArrayList(u8).init(arena);
     try modified_build_zig_contents.ensureCapacity(build_zig_contents.len);
@@ -2244,13 +2244,13 @@ pub fn cmdInit(
         }
     }
     const main_zig_contents = template_dir.readFileAlloc(arena, "src" ++ s ++ "main.zig", max_bytes) catch |err| {
-        fatal("unable to read template file 'main.zig': {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        fatal("unable to read template file 'main.zig': {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     if (fs.cwd().access("build.zig", .{})) |_| {
         fatal("existing build.zig file would be overwritten", .{});
     } else |err| switch (err) {
         error.FileNotFound => {},
-        else => fatal("unable to test existence of build.zig: {}\n", .{@errorName(err)}),
+        else => fatal("unable to test existence of build.zig: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)}),
     }
     var src_dir = try fs.cwd().makeOpenPath("src", .{});
     defer src_dir.close();
@@ -2311,23 +2311,23 @@ pub fn cmdBuild(gpa: *Allocator, arena: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !v
                 const arg = args[i];
                 if (mem.startsWith(u8, arg, "-")) {
                     if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--build-file")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{s}'", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         build_file = args[i];
                         continue;
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--override-lib-dir")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{s}'", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         override_lib_dir = args[i];
                         try child_argv.appendSlice(&[_][]const u8{ arg, args[i] });
                         continue;
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--cache-dir")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{s}'", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         override_local_cache_dir = args[i];
                         continue;
                     } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--global-cache-dir")) {
-                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        if (i + 1 >= args.len) fatal("expected argument after '{s}'", .{arg});
                         i += 1;
                         override_global_cache_dir = args[i];
                         continue;
@@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ pub fn cmdBuild(gpa: *Allocator, arena: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !v
             }
         else
             introspect.findZigLibDirFromSelfExe(arena, self_exe_path) catch |err| {
-                fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
         defer zig_lib_directory.handle.close();
 
@@ -2385,7 +2385,7 @@ pub fn cmdBuild(gpa: *Allocator, arena: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !v
                 } else |err| switch (err) {
                     error.FileNotFound => {
                         dirname = fs.path.dirname(dirname) orelse {
-                            std.log.info("{}", .{
+                            std.log.info("{s}", .{
                                 \\Initialize a 'build.zig' template file with `zig init-lib` or `zig init-exe`,
                                 \\or see `zig --help` for more options.
                             });
@@ -2467,7 +2467,7 @@ pub fn cmdBuild(gpa: *Allocator, arena: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !v
             .self_exe_path = self_exe_path,
             .thread_pool = &thread_pool,
         }) catch |err| {
-            fatal("unable to create compilation: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            fatal("unable to create compilation: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         };
         defer comp.destroy();
 
@@ -2493,11 +2493,11 @@ pub fn cmdBuild(gpa: *Allocator, arena: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !v
         .Exited => |code| {
             if (code == 0) return cleanExit();
             const cmd = try argvCmd(arena, child_argv);
-            fatal("the following build command failed with exit code {}:\n{}", .{ code, cmd });
+            fatal("the following build command failed with exit code {}:\n{s}", .{ code, cmd });
         },
         else => {
             const cmd = try argvCmd(arena, child_argv);
-            fatal("the following build command crashed:\n{}", .{cmd});
+            fatal("the following build command crashed:\n{s}", .{cmd});
         },
     }
 }
@@ -2564,14 +2564,14 @@ pub fn cmdFmt(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
                     i += 1;
                     const next_arg = args[i];
                     color = std.meta.stringToEnum(Color, next_arg) orelse {
-                        fatal("expected [auto|on|off] after --color, found '{}'", .{next_arg});
+                        fatal("expected [auto|on|off] after --color, found '{s}'", .{next_arg});
                     };
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--stdin")) {
                     stdin_flag = true;
                 } else if (mem.eql(u8, arg, "--check")) {
                     check_flag = true;
                 } else {
-                    fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{}'", .{arg});
+                    fatal("unrecognized parameter: '{s}'", .{arg});
                 }
             } else {
                 try input_files.append(arg);
@@ -2590,7 +2590,7 @@ pub fn cmdFmt(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
         defer gpa.free(source_code);
 
         const tree = std.zig.parse(gpa, source_code) catch |err| {
-            fatal("error parsing stdin: {}", .{err});
+            fatal("error parsing stdin: {s}", .{err});
         };
         defer tree.deinit();
 
@@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ pub fn cmdFmt(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
     for (input_files.items) |file_path| {
         // Get the real path here to avoid Windows failing on relative file paths with . or .. in them.
         const real_path = fs.realpathAlloc(gpa, file_path) catch |err| {
-            fatal("unable to open '{}': {}", .{ file_path, err });
+            fatal("unable to open '{s}': {s}", .{ file_path, @errorName(err) });
         };
         defer gpa.free(real_path);
 
@@ -2668,7 +2668,7 @@ fn fmtPath(fmt: *Fmt, file_path: []const u8, check_mode: bool, dir: fs.Dir, sub_
     fmtPathFile(fmt, file_path, check_mode, dir, sub_path) catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.IsDir, error.AccessDenied => return fmtPathDir(fmt, file_path, check_mode, dir, sub_path),
         else => {
-            warn("unable to format '{}': {}", .{ file_path, err });
+            warn("unable to format '{s}': {s}", .{ file_path, @errorName(err) });
             fmt.any_error = true;
             return;
         },
@@ -2702,7 +2702,7 @@ fn fmtPathDir(
                 try fmtPathDir(fmt, full_path, check_mode, dir, entry.name);
             } else {
                 fmtPathFile(fmt, full_path, check_mode, dir, entry.name) catch |err| {
-                    warn("unable to format '{}': {}", .{ full_path, err });
+                    warn("unable to format '{s}': {s}", .{ full_path, @errorName(err) });
                     fmt.any_error = true;
                     return;
                 };
@@ -2761,7 +2761,7 @@ fn fmtPathFile(
         const anything_changed = try std.zig.render(fmt.gpa, io.null_out_stream, tree);
         if (anything_changed) {
             const stdout = io.getStdOut().writer();
-            try stdout.print("{}\n", .{file_path});
+            try stdout.print("{s}\n", .{file_path});
             fmt.any_error = true;
         }
     } else {
@@ -2779,7 +2779,7 @@ fn fmtPathFile(
         try af.file.writeAll(fmt.out_buffer.items);
         try af.finish();
         const stdout = io.getStdOut().writer();
-        try stdout.print("{}\n", .{file_path});
+        try stdout.print("{s}\n", .{file_path});
     }
 }
 
@@ -2812,7 +2812,7 @@ fn printErrMsgToFile(
     const text = text_buf.items;
 
     const stream = file.outStream();
-    try stream.print("{}:{}:{}: error: {}\n", .{ path, start_loc.line + 1, start_loc.column + 1, text });
+    try stream.print("{s}:{}:{}: error: {s}\n", .{ path, start_loc.line + 1, start_loc.column + 1, text });
 
     if (!color_on) return;
 
@@ -2984,7 +2984,7 @@ pub const ClangArgIterator = struct {
             const max_bytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB of command line arguments is a reasonable limit
             const resp_file_path = arg[1..];
             const resp_contents = fs.cwd().readFileAlloc(allocator, resp_file_path, max_bytes) catch |err| {
-                fatal("unable to read response file '{}': {}", .{ resp_file_path, @errorName(err) });
+                fatal("unable to read response file '{s}': {s}", .{ resp_file_path, @errorName(err) });
             };
             defer allocator.free(resp_contents);
             // TODO is there a specification for this file format? Let's find it and make this parsing more robust
@@ -3057,7 +3057,7 @@ pub const ClangArgIterator = struct {
                 const prefix_len = clang_arg.matchStartsWith(arg);
                 if (prefix_len == arg.len) {
                     if (self.next_index >= self.argv.len) {
-                        fatal("Expected parameter after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("Expected parameter after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     self.only_arg = self.argv[self.next_index];
                     self.incrementArgIndex();
@@ -3078,7 +3078,7 @@ pub const ClangArgIterator = struct {
                 if (prefix_len != 0) {
                     self.only_arg = arg[prefix_len..];
                     if (self.next_index >= self.argv.len) {
-                        fatal("Expected parameter after '{}'", .{arg});
+                        fatal("Expected parameter after '{s}'", .{arg});
                     }
                     self.second_arg = self.argv[self.next_index];
                     self.incrementArgIndex();
@@ -3089,7 +3089,7 @@ pub const ClangArgIterator = struct {
             },
             .separate => if (clang_arg.matchEql(arg) > 0) {
                 if (self.next_index >= self.argv.len) {
-                    fatal("Expected parameter after '{}'", .{arg});
+                    fatal("Expected parameter after '{s}'", .{arg});
                 }
                 self.only_arg = self.argv[self.next_index];
                 self.incrementArgIndex();
@@ -3115,7 +3115,7 @@ pub const ClangArgIterator = struct {
             },
         }
         else {
-            fatal("Unknown Clang option: '{}'", .{arg});
+            fatal("Unknown Clang option: '{s}'", .{arg});
         }
     }
 
@@ -3143,7 +3143,7 @@ pub const ClangArgIterator = struct {
 
 fn parseCodeModel(arg: []const u8) std.builtin.CodeModel {
     return std.meta.stringToEnum(std.builtin.CodeModel, arg) orelse
-        fatal("unsupported machine code model: '{}'", .{arg});
+        fatal("unsupported machine code model: '{s}'", .{arg});
 }
 
 /// Raise the open file descriptor limit. Ask and ye shall receive.
@@ -3263,7 +3263,7 @@ fn detectNativeTargetInfo(gpa: *Allocator, cross_target: std.zig.CrossTarget) !s
         // CPU model & feature detection is todo so here we rely on LLVM.
         // https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/4591
         if (!build_options.have_llvm)
-            fatal("CPU features detection is not yet available for {} without LLVM extensions", .{@tagName(arch)});
+            fatal("CPU features detection is not yet available for {s} without LLVM extensions", .{@tagName(arch)});
 
         const llvm = @import("llvm_bindings.zig");
         const llvm_cpu_name = llvm.GetHostCPUName();
diff --git a/src/mingw.zig b/src/mingw.zig
index 246b0f33dc..d55cc28b2b 100644
--- a/src/mingw.zig
+++ b/src/mingw.zig
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ pub fn buildImportLib(comp: *Compilation, lib_name: []const u8) !void {
 
     const term = child.wait() catch |err| {
         // TODO surface a proper error here
-        log.err("unable to spawn {}: {}", .{ args[0], @errorName(err) });
+        log.err("unable to spawn {s}: {s}", .{ args[0], @errorName(err) });
         return error.ClangPreprocessorFailed;
     };
 
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ pub fn buildImportLib(comp: *Compilation, lib_name: []const u8) !void {
         },
         else => {
             // TODO surface a proper error here
-            log.err("clang terminated unexpectedly with stderr: {}", .{stderr});
+            log.err("clang terminated unexpectedly with stderr: {s}", .{stderr});
             return error.ClangPreprocessorFailed;
         },
     }
diff --git a/src/musl.zig b/src/musl.zig
index f67fe90add..a865e78623 100644
--- a/src/musl.zig
+++ b/src/musl.zig
@@ -155,21 +155,21 @@ pub fn buildCRTFile(comp: *Compilation, crt_file: CRTFile) !void {
                 if (!is_arch_specific) {
                     // Look for an arch specific override.
                     override_path.shrinkRetainingCapacity(0);
-                    try override_path.writer().print("{}" ++ s ++ "{}" ++ s ++ "{}.s", .{
+                    try override_path.writer().print("{s}" ++ s ++ "{s}" ++ s ++ "{s}.s", .{
                         dirname, arch_name, noextbasename,
                     });
                     if (source_table.contains(override_path.items))
                         continue;
 
                     override_path.shrinkRetainingCapacity(0);
-                    try override_path.writer().print("{}" ++ s ++ "{}" ++ s ++ "{}.S", .{
+                    try override_path.writer().print("{s}" ++ s ++ "{s}" ++ s ++ "{s}.S", .{
                         dirname, arch_name, noextbasename,
                     });
                     if (source_table.contains(override_path.items))
                         continue;
 
                     override_path.shrinkRetainingCapacity(0);
-                    try override_path.writer().print("{}" ++ s ++ "{}" ++ s ++ "{}.c", .{
+                    try override_path.writer().print("{s}" ++ s ++ "{s}" ++ s ++ "{s}.c", .{
                         dirname, arch_name, noextbasename,
                     });
                     if (source_table.contains(override_path.items))
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ fn add_cc_args(
     const target = comp.getTarget();
     const arch_name = target_util.archMuslName(target.cpu.arch);
     const os_name = @tagName(target.os.tag);
-    const triple = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}-{}-musl", .{ arch_name, os_name });
+    const triple = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{s}-{s}-musl", .{ arch_name, os_name });
     const o_arg = if (want_O3) "-O3" else "-Os";
 
     try args.appendSlice(&[_][]const u8{
diff --git a/src/print_env.zig b/src/print_env.zig
index 8aa692e644..bcf4a983ab 100644
--- a/src/print_env.zig
+++ b/src/print_env.zig
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pub fn cmdEnv(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8, stdout: std.fs.File.Wri
     defer gpa.free(self_exe_path);
 
     var zig_lib_directory = introspect.findZigLibDirFromSelfExe(gpa, self_exe_path) catch |err| {
-        fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
+        fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     defer gpa.free(zig_lib_directory.path.?);
     defer zig_lib_directory.handle.close();
diff --git a/src/print_targets.zig b/src/print_targets.zig
index 724cb7a9ac..cf55eee516 100644
--- a/src/print_targets.zig
+++ b/src/print_targets.zig
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn cmdTargets(
     native_target: Target,
 ) !void {
     var zig_lib_directory = introspect.findZigLibDir(allocator) catch |err| {
-        fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
+        fatal("unable to find zig installation directory: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
     defer zig_lib_directory.handle.close();
     defer allocator.free(zig_lib_directory.path.?);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn cmdTargets(
     try jws.objectField("libc");
     try jws.beginArray();
     for (target.available_libcs) |libc| {
-        const tmp = try std.fmt.allocPrint(allocator, "{}-{}-{}", .{
+        const tmp = try std.fmt.allocPrint(allocator, "{s}-{s}-{s}", .{
             @tagName(libc.arch), @tagName(libc.os), @tagName(libc.abi),
         });
         defer allocator.free(tmp);
diff --git a/src/stage1.zig b/src/stage1.zig
index 1d50a71ad1..cf3a252ce8 100644
--- a/src/stage1.zig
+++ b/src/stage1.zig
@@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ pub export fn main(argc: c_int, argv: [*][*:0]u8) c_int {
     defer arena_instance.deinit();
     const arena = &arena_instance.allocator;
 
-    const args = arena.alloc([]const u8, @intCast(usize, argc)) catch fatal("{}", .{"OutOfMemory"});
+    const args = arena.alloc([]const u8, @intCast(usize, argc)) catch fatal("{s}", .{"OutOfMemory"});
     for (args) |*arg, i| {
         arg.* = mem.spanZ(argv[i]);
     }
     if (std.builtin.mode == .Debug) {
         stage2.mainArgs(gpa, arena, args) catch unreachable;
     } else {
-        stage2.mainArgs(gpa, arena, args) catch |err| fatal("{}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        stage2.mainArgs(gpa, arena, args) catch |err| fatal("{s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     }
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/translate_c.zig b/src/translate_c.zig
index 1b2aa4b219..c609597770 100644
--- a/src/translate_c.zig
+++ b/src/translate_c.zig
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ const Scope = struct {
             var proposed_name = name_copy;
             while (scope.contains(proposed_name)) {
                 scope.mangle_count += 1;
-                proposed_name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{}_{}", .{ name, scope.mangle_count });
+                proposed_name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{s}_{}", .{ name, scope.mangle_count });
             }
             try scope.variables.append(.{ .name = name_copy, .alias = proposed_name });
             return proposed_name;
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pub const Context = struct {
 
         const line = c.source_manager.getSpellingLineNumber(spelling_loc);
         const column = c.source_manager.getSpellingColumnNumber(spelling_loc);
-        return std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{}:{}:{}", .{ filename, line, column });
+        return std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{s}:{d}:{d}", .{ filename, line, column });
     }
 
     fn createCall(c: *Context, fn_expr: *ast.Node, params_len: ast.NodeIndex) !*ast.Node.Call {
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ fn declVisitor(c: *Context, decl: *const clang.Decl) Error!void {
         },
         else => {
             const decl_name = try c.str(decl.getDeclKindName());
-            try emitWarning(c, decl.getLocation(), "ignoring {} declaration", .{decl_name});
+            try emitWarning(c, decl.getLocation(), "ignoring {s} declaration", .{decl_name});
         },
     }
 }
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ fn visitFnDecl(c: *Context, fn_decl: *const clang.FunctionDecl) Error!void {
         const param_name = if (param.name_token) |name_tok|
             tokenSlice(c, name_tok)
         else
-            return failDecl(c, fn_decl_loc, fn_name, "function {} parameter has no name", .{fn_name});
+            return failDecl(c, fn_decl_loc, fn_name, "function {s} parameter has no name", .{fn_name});
 
         const c_param = fn_decl.getParamDecl(param_id);
         const qual_type = c_param.getOriginalType();
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ fn visitFnDecl(c: *Context, fn_decl: *const clang.FunctionDecl) Error!void {
         const mangled_param_name = try block_scope.makeMangledName(c, param_name);
 
         if (!is_const) {
-            const bare_arg_name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "arg_{}", .{mangled_param_name});
+            const bare_arg_name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "arg_{s}", .{mangled_param_name});
             const arg_name = try block_scope.makeMangledName(c, bare_arg_name);
 
             const mut_tok = try appendToken(c, .Keyword_var, "var");
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ fn visitVarDecl(c: *Context, var_decl: *const clang.VarDecl, mangled_name: ?[]co
 
     // TODO https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/3756
     // TODO https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/1802
-    const checked_name = if (isZigPrimitiveType(var_name)) try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{}_{}", .{ var_name, c.getMangle() }) else var_name;
+    const checked_name = if (isZigPrimitiveType(var_name)) try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{s}_{d}", .{ var_name, c.getMangle() }) else var_name;
     const var_decl_loc = var_decl.getLocation();
 
     const qual_type = var_decl.getTypeSourceInfo_getType();
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ fn visitVarDecl(c: *Context, var_decl: *const clang.VarDecl, mangled_name: ?[]co
             _ = try appendToken(rp.c, .LParen, "(");
             const expr = try transCreateNodeStringLiteral(
                 rp.c,
-                try std.fmt.allocPrint(rp.c.arena, "\"{}\"", .{str_ptr[0..str_len]}),
+                try std.fmt.allocPrint(rp.c.arena, "\"{s}\"", .{str_ptr[0..str_len]}),
             );
             _ = try appendToken(rp.c, .RParen, ")");
 
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ fn transTypeDef(c: *Context, typedef_decl: *const clang.TypedefNameDecl, top_lev
 
     // TODO https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/3756
     // TODO https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/1802
-    const checked_name = if (isZigPrimitiveType(typedef_name)) try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{}_{}", .{ typedef_name, c.getMangle() }) else typedef_name;
+    const checked_name = if (isZigPrimitiveType(typedef_name)) try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{s}_{d}", .{ typedef_name, c.getMangle() }) else typedef_name;
     if (checkForBuiltinTypedef(checked_name)) |builtin| {
         return transTypeDefAsBuiltin(c, typedef_decl, builtin);
     }
@@ -958,11 +958,11 @@ fn transRecordDecl(c: *Context, record_decl: *const clang.RecordDecl) Error!?*as
         container_kind_name = "struct";
         container_kind = .Keyword_struct;
     } else {
-        try emitWarning(c, record_loc, "record {} is not a struct or union", .{bare_name});
+        try emitWarning(c, record_loc, "record {s} is not a struct or union", .{bare_name});
         return null;
     }
 
-    const name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{}_{}", .{ container_kind_name, bare_name });
+    const name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{s}_{s}", .{ container_kind_name, bare_name });
     _ = try c.decl_table.put(c.gpa, @ptrToInt(record_decl.getCanonicalDecl()), name);
 
     const visib_tok = if (!is_unnamed) try appendToken(c, .Keyword_pub, "pub") else null;
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ fn transRecordDecl(c: *Context, record_decl: *const clang.RecordDecl) Error!?*as
                 _ = try c.opaque_demotes.put(c.gpa, @ptrToInt(record_decl.getCanonicalDecl()), {});
                 const opaque_type = try transCreateNodeOpaqueType(c);
                 semicolon = try appendToken(c, .Semicolon, ";");
-                try emitWarning(c, field_loc, "{} demoted to opaque type - has bitfield", .{container_kind_name});
+                try emitWarning(c, field_loc, "{s} demoted to opaque type - has bitfield", .{container_kind_name});
                 break :blk opaque_type;
             }
 
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ fn transRecordDecl(c: *Context, record_decl: *const clang.RecordDecl) Error!?*as
                 _ = try c.opaque_demotes.put(c.gpa, @ptrToInt(record_decl.getCanonicalDecl()), {});
                 const opaque_type = try transCreateNodeOpaqueType(c);
                 semicolon = try appendToken(c, .Semicolon, ";");
-                try emitWarning(c, field_loc, "{} demoted to opaque type - has variable length array", .{container_kind_name});
+                try emitWarning(c, field_loc, "{s} demoted to opaque type - has variable length array", .{container_kind_name});
                 break :blk opaque_type;
             }
 
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ fn transRecordDecl(c: *Context, record_decl: *const clang.RecordDecl) Error!?*as
                     _ = try c.opaque_demotes.put(c.gpa, @ptrToInt(record_decl.getCanonicalDecl()), {});
                     const opaque_type = try transCreateNodeOpaqueType(c);
                     semicolon = try appendToken(c, .Semicolon, ";");
-                    try emitWarning(c, record_loc, "{} demoted to opaque type - unable to translate type of field {}", .{ container_kind_name, raw_name });
+                    try emitWarning(c, record_loc, "{s} demoted to opaque type - unable to translate type of field {s}", .{ container_kind_name, raw_name });
                     break :blk opaque_type;
                 },
                 else => |e| return e,
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ fn transEnumDecl(c: *Context, enum_decl: *const clang.EnumDecl) Error!?*ast.Node
         is_unnamed = true;
     }
 
-    const name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "enum_{}", .{bare_name});
+    const name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "enum_{s}", .{bare_name});
     _ = try c.decl_table.put(c.gpa, @ptrToInt(enum_decl.getCanonicalDecl()), name);
 
     const visib_tok = if (!is_unnamed) try appendToken(c, .Keyword_pub, "pub") else null;
@@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ fn transStmt(
                 rp,
                 error.UnsupportedTranslation,
                 stmt.getBeginLoc(),
-                "TODO implement translation of stmt class {}",
+                "TODO implement translation of stmt class {s}",
                 .{@tagName(sc)},
             );
         },
@@ -1684,7 +1684,7 @@ fn transDeclStmtOne(
             rp,
             error.UnsupportedTranslation,
             decl.getLocation(),
-            "TODO implement translation of DeclStmt kind {}",
+            "TODO implement translation of DeclStmt kind {s}",
             .{@tagName(kind)},
         ),
     }
@@ -1782,7 +1782,7 @@ fn transImplicitCastExpr(
             rp,
             error.UnsupportedTranslation,
             @ptrCast(*const clang.Stmt, expr).getBeginLoc(),
-            "TODO implement translation of CastKind {}",
+            "TODO implement translation of CastKind {s}",
             .{@tagName(kind)},
         ),
     }
@@ -2043,7 +2043,7 @@ fn transStringLiteral(
             rp,
             error.UnsupportedTranslation,
             @ptrCast(*const clang.Stmt, stmt).getBeginLoc(),
-            "TODO: support string literal kind {}",
+            "TODO: support string literal kind {s}",
             .{kind},
         ),
     }
@@ -2168,7 +2168,6 @@ fn transCCast(
         // @boolToInt returns either a comptime_int or a u1
         // TODO: if dst_type is 1 bit & signed (bitfield) we need @bitCast
         // instead of @as
-
         const builtin_node = try rp.c.createBuiltinCall("@boolToInt", 1);
         builtin_node.params()[0] = expr;
         builtin_node.rparen_token = try appendToken(rp.c, .RParen, ")");
@@ -2455,7 +2454,7 @@ fn transInitListExpr(
         );
     } else {
         const type_name = rp.c.str(qual_type.getTypeClassName());
-        return revertAndWarn(rp, error.UnsupportedType, source_loc, "unsupported initlist type: '{}'", .{type_name});
+        return revertAndWarn(rp, error.UnsupportedType, source_loc, "unsupported initlist type: '{s}'", .{type_name});
     }
 }
 
@@ -4433,7 +4432,8 @@ fn transCreateNodeBoolLiteral(c: *Context, value: bool) !*ast.Node {
 }
 
 fn transCreateNodeInt(c: *Context, int: anytype) !*ast.Node {
-    const token = try appendTokenFmt(c, .IntegerLiteral, "{}", .{int});
+    const fmt_s = if (comptime std.meta.trait.isIntegerNumber(@TypeOf(int))) "{d}" else "{s}";
+    const token = try appendTokenFmt(c, .IntegerLiteral, fmt_s, .{int});
     const node = try c.arena.create(ast.Node.OneToken);
     node.* = .{
         .base = .{ .tag = .IntegerLiteral },
@@ -4442,8 +4442,8 @@ fn transCreateNodeInt(c: *Context, int: anytype) !*ast.Node {
     return &node.base;
 }
 
-fn transCreateNodeFloat(c: *Context, int: anytype) !*ast.Node {
-    const token = try appendTokenFmt(c, .FloatLiteral, "{}", .{int});
+fn transCreateNodeFloat(c: *Context, str: []const u8) !*ast.Node {
+    const token = try appendTokenFmt(c, .FloatLiteral, "{s}", .{str});
     const node = try c.arena.create(ast.Node.OneToken);
     node.* = .{
         .base = .{ .tag = .FloatLiteral },
@@ -4916,7 +4916,7 @@ fn transType(rp: RestorePoint, ty: *const clang.Type, source_loc: clang.SourceLo
         },
         else => {
             const type_name = rp.c.str(ty.getTypeClassName());
-            return revertAndWarn(rp, error.UnsupportedType, source_loc, "unsupported type: '{}'", .{type_name});
+            return revertAndWarn(rp, error.UnsupportedType, source_loc, "unsupported type: '{s}'", .{type_name});
         },
     }
 }
@@ -4999,7 +4999,7 @@ fn transCC(
             rp,
             error.UnsupportedType,
             source_loc,
-            "unsupported calling convention: {}",
+            "unsupported calling convention: {s}",
             .{@tagName(clang_cc)},
         ),
     }
@@ -5117,7 +5117,7 @@ fn finishTransFnProto(
                 _ = try appendToken(rp.c, .LParen, "(");
                 const expr = try transCreateNodeStringLiteral(
                     rp.c,
-                    try std.fmt.allocPrint(rp.c.arena, "\"{}\"", .{str_ptr[0..str_len]}),
+                    try std.fmt.allocPrint(rp.c.arena, "\"{s}\"", .{str_ptr[0..str_len]}),
                 );
                 _ = try appendToken(rp.c, .RParen, ")");
 
@@ -5214,7 +5214,7 @@ fn revertAndWarn(
 
 fn emitWarning(c: *Context, loc: clang.SourceLocation, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) !void {
     const args_prefix = .{c.locStr(loc)};
-    _ = try appendTokenFmt(c, .LineComment, "// {}: warning: " ++ format, args_prefix ++ args);
+    _ = try appendTokenFmt(c, .LineComment, "// {s}: warning: " ++ format, args_prefix ++ args);
 }
 
 pub fn failDecl(c: *Context, loc: clang.SourceLocation, name: []const u8, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) !void {
@@ -5228,7 +5228,7 @@ pub fn failDecl(c: *Context, loc: clang.SourceLocation, name: []const u8, compti
     const msg_tok = try appendTokenFmt(c, .StringLiteral, "\"" ++ format ++ "\"", args);
     const rparen_tok = try appendToken(c, .RParen, ")");
     const semi_tok = try appendToken(c, .Semicolon, ";");
-    _ = try appendTokenFmt(c, .LineComment, "// {}", .{c.locStr(loc)});
+    _ = try appendTokenFmt(c, .LineComment, "// {s}", .{c.locStr(loc)});
 
     const msg_node = try c.arena.create(ast.Node.OneToken);
     msg_node.* = .{
@@ -5258,7 +5258,7 @@ pub fn failDecl(c: *Context, loc: clang.SourceLocation, name: []const u8, compti
 
 fn appendToken(c: *Context, token_id: Token.Id, bytes: []const u8) !ast.TokenIndex {
     std.debug.assert(token_id != .Identifier); // use appendIdentifier
-    return appendTokenFmt(c, token_id, "{}", .{bytes});
+    return appendTokenFmt(c, token_id, "{s}", .{bytes});
 }
 
 fn appendTokenFmt(c: *Context, token_id: Token.Id, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) !ast.TokenIndex {
@@ -5329,7 +5329,7 @@ fn transCreateNodeIdentifier(c: *Context, name: []const u8) !*ast.Node {
 }
 
 fn transCreateNodeIdentifierUnchecked(c: *Context, name: []const u8) !*ast.Node {
-    const token_index = try appendTokenFmt(c, .Identifier, "{}", .{name});
+    const token_index = try appendTokenFmt(c, .Identifier, "{s}", .{name});
     const identifier = try c.arena.create(ast.Node.OneToken);
     identifier.* = .{
         .base = .{ .tag = .Identifier },
@@ -5390,7 +5390,7 @@ fn transPreprocessorEntities(c: *Context, unit: *clang.ASTUnit) Error!void {
                 const name = try c.str(raw_name);
                 // TODO https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/3756
                 // TODO https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/1802
-                const mangled_name = if (isZigPrimitiveType(name)) try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{}_{}", .{ name, c.getMangle() }) else name;
+                const mangled_name = if (isZigPrimitiveType(name)) try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "{s}_{d}", .{ name, c.getMangle() }) else name;
                 if (scope.containsNow(mangled_name)) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -5468,7 +5468,7 @@ fn transMacroDefine(c: *Context, m: *MacroCtx) ParseError!void {
     const init_node = try parseCExpr(c, m, scope);
     const last = m.next().?;
     if (last != .Eof and last != .Nl)
-        return m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: unexpected token .{}", .{@tagName(last)});
+        return m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: unexpected token .{s}", .{@tagName(last)});
 
     const semicolon_token = try appendToken(c, .Semicolon, ";");
     const node = try ast.Node.VarDecl.create(c.arena, .{
@@ -5540,7 +5540,7 @@ fn transMacroFnDefine(c: *Context, m: *MacroCtx) ParseError!void {
     const expr = try parseCExpr(c, m, scope);
     const last = m.next().?;
     if (last != .Eof and last != .Nl)
-        return m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: unexpected token .{}", .{@tagName(last)});
+        return m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: unexpected token .{s}", .{@tagName(last)});
     _ = try appendToken(c, .Semicolon, ";");
     const type_of_arg = if (!expr.tag.isBlock()) expr else blk: {
         const stmts = expr.blockStatements();
@@ -5623,11 +5623,11 @@ fn parseCNumLit(c: *Context, m: *MacroCtx) ParseError!*ast.Node {
                 switch (lit_bytes[1]) {
                     '0'...'7' => {
                         // Octal
-                        lit_bytes = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "0o{}", .{lit_bytes});
+                        lit_bytes = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "0o{s}", .{lit_bytes});
                     },
                     'X' => {
                         // Hexadecimal with capital X, valid in C but not in Zig
-                        lit_bytes = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "0x{}", .{lit_bytes[2..]});
+                        lit_bytes = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "0x{s}", .{lit_bytes[2..]});
                     },
                     else => {},
                 }
@@ -5659,7 +5659,7 @@ fn parseCNumLit(c: *Context, m: *MacroCtx) ParseError!*ast.Node {
         },
         .FloatLiteral => |suffix| {
             if (lit_bytes[0] == '.')
-                lit_bytes = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "0{}", .{lit_bytes});
+                lit_bytes = try std.fmt.allocPrint(c.arena, "0{s}", .{lit_bytes});
             if (suffix == .none) {
                 return transCreateNodeFloat(c, lit_bytes);
             }
@@ -5937,7 +5937,7 @@ fn parseCPrimaryExprInner(c: *Context, m: *MacroCtx, scope: *Scope) ParseError!*
 
             const next_id = m.next().?;
             if (next_id != .RParen) {
-                try m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: expected ')' instead got: {}", .{@tagName(next_id)});
+                try m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: expected ')' instead got: {s}", .{@tagName(next_id)});
                 return error.ParseError;
             }
             var saw_l_paren = false;
@@ -5995,7 +5995,7 @@ fn parseCPrimaryExprInner(c: *Context, m: *MacroCtx, scope: *Scope) ParseError!*
             return &group_node.base;
         },
         else => {
-            try m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: unexpected token .{}", .{@tagName(tok)});
+            try m.fail(c, "unable to translate C expr: unexpected token .{s}", .{@tagName(tok)});
             return error.ParseError;
         },
     }
diff --git a/src/value.zig b/src/value.zig
index 8180df2f9e..10f58fa44f 100644
--- a/src/value.zig
+++ b/src/value.zig
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ pub const Value = extern union {
             .ty => return val.castTag(.ty).?.data.format("", options, out_stream),
             .int_type => {
                 const int_type = val.castTag(.int_type).?.data;
-                return out_stream.print("{}{}", .{
+                return out_stream.print("{s}{d}", .{
                     if (int_type.signed) "s" else "u",
                     int_type.bits,
                 });
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ pub const Value = extern union {
                 }
                 return out_stream.writeAll("}");
             },
-            .@"error" => return out_stream.print("error.{}", .{val.castTag(.@"error").?.data.name}),
+            .@"error" => return out_stream.print("error.{s}", .{val.castTag(.@"error").?.data.name}),
             .inferred_alloc => return out_stream.writeAll("(inferred allocation value)"),
         };
     }
diff --git a/src/zir.zig b/src/zir.zig
index ce8498d7e8..94e2b24b0c 100644
--- a/src/zir.zig
+++ b/src/zir.zig
@@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ pub const Module = struct {
 
         for (self.decls) |decl, i| {
             write.next_instr_index = 0;
-            try stream.print("@{} ", .{decl.name});
+            try stream.print("@{s} ", .{decl.name});
             try write.writeInstToStream(stream, decl.inst);
             try stream.writeByte('\n');
         }
@@ -1206,13 +1206,13 @@ const Writer = struct {
             if (@typeInfo(arg_field.field_type) == .Optional) {
                 if (@field(inst.kw_args, arg_field.name)) |non_optional| {
                     if (need_comma) try stream.writeAll(", ");
-                    try stream.print("{}=", .{arg_field.name});
+                    try stream.print("{s}=", .{arg_field.name});
                     try self.writeParamToStream(stream, &non_optional);
                     need_comma = true;
                 }
             } else {
                 if (need_comma) try stream.writeAll(", ");
-                try stream.print("{}=", .{arg_field.name});
+                try stream.print("{s}=", .{arg_field.name});
                 try self.writeParamToStream(stream, &@field(inst.kw_args, arg_field.name));
                 need_comma = true;
             }
@@ -1334,16 +1334,16 @@ const Writer = struct {
             if (info.index) |i| {
                 try stream.print("%{}", .{info.index});
             } else {
-                try stream.print("@{}", .{info.name});
+                try stream.print("@{s}", .{info.name});
             }
         } else if (inst.cast(Inst.DeclVal)) |decl_val| {
-            try stream.print("@{}", .{decl_val.positionals.name});
+            try stream.print("@{s}", .{decl_val.positionals.name});
         } else if (inst.cast(Inst.DeclValInModule)) |decl_val| {
-            try stream.print("@{}", .{decl_val.positionals.decl.name});
+            try stream.print("@{s}", .{decl_val.positionals.decl.name});
         } else {
             // This should be unreachable in theory, but since ZIR is used for debugging the compiler
             // we output some debug text instead.
-            try stream.print("?{}?", .{@tagName(inst.tag)});
+            try stream.print("?{s}?", .{@tagName(inst.tag)});
         }
     }
 };
@@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
                 const decl = try parseInstruction(self, &body_context, ident);
                 const ident_index = body_context.instructions.items.len;
                 if (try body_context.name_map.fetchPut(ident, decl.inst)) |_| {
-                    return self.fail("redefinition of identifier '{}'", .{ident});
+                    return self.fail("redefinition of identifier '{s}'", .{ident});
                 }
                 try body_context.instructions.append(decl.inst);
                 continue;
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
                     const decl = try parseInstruction(self, null, ident);
                     const ident_index = self.decls.items.len;
                     if (try self.global_name_map.fetchPut(ident, decl.inst)) |_| {
-                        return self.fail("redefinition of identifier '{}'", .{ident});
+                        return self.fail("redefinition of identifier '{s}'", .{ident});
                     }
                     try self.decls.append(self.allocator, decl);
                 },
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
         for (bytes) |byte| {
             if (self.source[self.i] != byte) {
                 self.i = start;
-                return self.fail("expected '{}'", .{bytes});
+                return self.fail("expected '{s}'", .{bytes});
             }
             self.i += 1;
         }
@@ -1585,7 +1585,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
                 return parseInstructionGeneric(self, field.name, tag.Type(), tag, body_ctx, name, contents_start);
             }
         }
-        return self.fail("unknown instruction '{}'", .{fn_name});
+        return self.fail("unknown instruction '{s}'", .{fn_name});
     }
 
     fn parseInstructionGeneric(
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
                 self.i += 1;
                 skipSpace(self);
             } else if (self.source[self.i] == ')') {
-                return self.fail("expected positional parameter '{}'", .{arg_field.name});
+                return self.fail("expected positional parameter '{s}'", .{arg_field.name});
             }
             @field(inst_specific.positionals, arg_field.name) = try parseParameterGeneric(
                 self,
@@ -1648,7 +1648,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
                     break;
                 }
             } else {
-                return self.fail("unrecognized keyword parameter: '{}'", .{name});
+                return self.fail("unrecognized keyword parameter: '{s}'", .{name});
             }
             skipSpace(self);
         }
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
                 ' ', '\n', ',', ')' => {
                     const enum_name = self.source[start..self.i];
                     return std.meta.stringToEnum(T, enum_name) orelse {
-                        return self.fail("tag '{}' not a member of enum '{}'", .{ enum_name, @typeName(T) });
+                        return self.fail("tag '{s}' not a member of enum '{s}'", .{ enum_name, @typeName(T) });
                     };
                 },
                 0 => return self.failByte(0),
@@ -1710,7 +1710,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
             BigIntConst => return self.parseIntegerLiteral(),
             usize => {
                 const big_int = try self.parseIntegerLiteral();
-                return big_int.to(usize) catch |err| return self.fail("integer literal: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                return big_int.to(usize) catch |err| return self.fail("integer literal: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             },
             TypedValue => return self.fail("'const' is a special instruction; not legal in ZIR text", .{}),
             *IrModule.Decl => return self.fail("'declval_in_module' is a special instruction; not legal in ZIR text", .{}),
@@ -1759,7 +1759,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
             },
             else => @compileError("Unimplemented: ir parseParameterGeneric for type " ++ @typeName(T)),
         }
-        return self.fail("TODO parse parameter {}", .{@typeName(T)});
+        return self.fail("TODO parse parameter {s}", .{@typeName(T)});
     }
 
     fn parseParameterInst(self: *Parser, body_ctx: ?*Body) !*Inst {
@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ const Parser = struct {
             const src = name_start - 1;
             if (local_ref) {
                 self.i = src;
-                return self.fail("unrecognized identifier: {}", .{bad_name});
+                return self.fail("unrecognized identifier: {s}", .{bad_name});
             } else {
                 const declval = try self.arena.allocator.create(Inst.DeclVal);
                 declval.* = .{
@@ -1873,7 +1873,7 @@ pub fn dumpFn(old_module: IrModule, module_fn: *IrModule.Fn) void {
 
     const fn_ty = module_fn.owner_decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value.ty;
     _ = ctx.emitFn(module_fn, 0, fn_ty) catch |err| {
-        std.debug.print("unable to dump function: {}\n", .{err});
+        std.debug.print("unable to dump function: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
         return;
     };
     var module = Module{
@@ -2203,7 +2203,7 @@ const EmitZIR = struct {
                         };
                         return self.emitStringLiteral(src, bytes);
                     },
-                    else => |t| std.debug.panic("TODO implement emitTypedValue for pointer to {}", .{@tagName(t)}),
+                    else => |t| std.debug.panic("TODO implement emitTypedValue for pointer to {s}", .{@tagName(t)}),
                 }
             },
             .ComptimeInt => return self.emitComptimeIntVal(src, typed_value.val),
@@ -2274,7 +2274,7 @@ const EmitZIR = struct {
                 };
                 return self.emitUnnamedDecl(&inst.base);
             },
-            else => |t| std.debug.panic("TODO implement emitTypedValue for {}", .{@tagName(t)}),
+            else => |t| std.debug.panic("TODO implement emitTypedValue for {s}", .{@tagName(t)}),
         }
     }
 
@@ -2947,7 +2947,7 @@ pub fn dumpZir(allocator: *Allocator, kind: []const u8, decl_name: [*:0]const u8
     try write.inst_table.ensureCapacity(@intCast(u32, instructions.len));
 
     const stderr = std.io.getStdErr().outStream();
-    try stderr.print("{} {s} {{ // unanalyzed\n", .{ kind, decl_name });
+    try stderr.print("{s} {s} {{ // unanalyzed\n", .{ kind, decl_name });
 
     for (instructions) |inst| {
         const my_i = write.next_instr_index;
@@ -2967,5 +2967,5 @@ pub fn dumpZir(allocator: *Allocator, kind: []const u8, decl_name: [*:0]const u8
         try stderr.writeByte('\n');
     }
 
-    try stderr.print("}} // {} {s}\n\n", .{ kind, decl_name });
+    try stderr.print("}} // {s} {s}\n\n", .{ kind, decl_name });
 }
diff --git a/src/zir_sema.zig b/src/zir_sema.zig
index 629dfa0c9a..72a1b04238 100644
--- a/src/zir_sema.zig
+++ b/src/zir_sema.zig
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ pub fn resolveInst(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, old_inst: *zir.Inst) InnerError!
     const entry = if (old_inst.cast(zir.Inst.DeclVal)) |declval| blk: {
         const decl_name = declval.positionals.name;
         const entry = zir_module.contents.module.findDecl(decl_name) orelse
-            return mod.fail(scope, old_inst.src, "decl '{}' not found", .{decl_name});
+            return mod.fail(scope, old_inst.src, "decl '{s}' not found", .{decl_name});
         break :blk entry;
     } else blk: {
         // If this assert trips, the instruction that was referenced did not get
@@ -564,14 +564,14 @@ fn analyzeInstStr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, str_inst: *zir.Inst.Str) InnerErr
 fn analyzeInstExport(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, export_inst: *zir.Inst.Export) InnerError!*Inst {
     const symbol_name = try resolveConstString(mod, scope, export_inst.positionals.symbol_name);
     const exported_decl = mod.lookupDeclName(scope, export_inst.positionals.decl_name) orelse
-        return mod.fail(scope, export_inst.base.src, "decl '{}' not found", .{export_inst.positionals.decl_name});
+        return mod.fail(scope, export_inst.base.src, "decl '{s}' not found", .{export_inst.positionals.decl_name});
     try mod.analyzeExport(scope, export_inst.base.src, symbol_name, exported_decl);
     return mod.constVoid(scope, export_inst.base.src);
 }
 
 fn analyzeInstCompileError(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.UnOp) InnerError!*Inst {
     const msg = try resolveConstString(mod, scope, inst.positionals.operand);
-    return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "{}", .{msg});
+    return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "{s}", .{msg});
 }
 
 fn analyzeInstArg(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Arg) InnerError!*Inst {
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ fn analyzeInstErrorSet(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.ErrorSet) In
     for (inst.positionals.fields) |field_name| {
         const entry = try mod.getErrorValue(field_name);
         if (payload.data.fields.fetchPutAssumeCapacity(entry.key, entry.value)) |prev| {
-            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "duplicate error: '{}'", .{field_name});
+            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "duplicate error: '{s}'", .{field_name});
         }
     }
     // TODO create name in format "error:line:column"
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ fn analyzeInstFieldPtr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, fieldptr: *zir.Inst.FieldPtr
                 return mod.fail(
                     scope,
                     fieldptr.positionals.field_name.src,
-                    "no member named '{}' in '{}'",
+                    "no member named '{s}' in '{}'",
                     .{ field_name, elem_ty },
                 );
             }
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ fn analyzeInstFieldPtr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, fieldptr: *zir.Inst.FieldPtr
                         return mod.fail(
                             scope,
                             fieldptr.positionals.field_name.src,
-                            "no member named '{}' in '{}'",
+                            "no member named '{s}' in '{}'",
                             .{ field_name, elem_ty },
                         );
                     }
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ fn analyzeInstFieldPtr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, fieldptr: *zir.Inst.FieldPtr
                     // TODO resolve inferred error sets
                     const entry = if (val.castTag(.error_set)) |payload|
                         (payload.data.fields.getEntry(field_name) orelse
-                            return mod.fail(scope, fieldptr.base.src, "no error named '{}' in '{}'", .{ field_name, child_type })).*
+                            return mod.fail(scope, fieldptr.base.src, "no error named '{s}' in '{}'", .{ field_name, child_type })).*
                     else
                         try mod.getErrorValue(field_name);
 
@@ -1135,9 +1135,9 @@ fn analyzeInstFieldPtr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, fieldptr: *zir.Inst.FieldPtr
                     }
 
                     if (&container_scope.file_scope.base == mod.root_scope) {
-                        return mod.fail(scope, fieldptr.base.src, "root source file has no member called '{}'", .{field_name});
+                        return mod.fail(scope, fieldptr.base.src, "root source file has no member called '{s}'", .{field_name});
                     } else {
-                        return mod.fail(scope, fieldptr.base.src, "container '{}' has no member called '{}'", .{ child_type, field_name });
+                        return mod.fail(scope, fieldptr.base.src, "container '{}' has no member called '{s}'", .{ child_type, field_name });
                     }
                 },
                 else => return mod.fail(scope, fieldptr.base.src, "type '{}' does not support field access", .{child_type}),
@@ -1503,14 +1503,14 @@ fn analyzeInstImport(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.UnOp) InnerErr
 
     const file_scope = mod.analyzeImport(scope, inst.base.src, operand) catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.ImportOutsidePkgPath => {
-            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "import of file outside package path: '{}'", .{operand});
+            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "import of file outside package path: '{s}'", .{operand});
         },
         error.FileNotFound => {
-            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "unable to find '{}'", .{operand});
+            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "unable to find '{s}'", .{operand});
         },
         else => {
             // TODO user friendly error to string
-            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "unable to open '{}': {}", .{ operand, @errorName(err) });
+            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "unable to open '{s}': {s}", .{ operand, @errorName(err) });
         },
     };
     return mod.constType(scope, inst.base.src, file_scope.root_container.ty);
@@ -1637,7 +1637,7 @@ fn analyzeInstArithmetic(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.BinOp) Inn
     const is_float = scalar_tag == .Float or scalar_tag == .ComptimeFloat;
 
     if (!is_int and !(is_float and floatOpAllowed(inst.base.tag))) {
-        return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "invalid operands to binary expression: '{}' and '{}'", .{ @tagName(lhs.ty.zigTypeTag()), @tagName(rhs.ty.zigTypeTag()) });
+        return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "invalid operands to binary expression: '{s}' and '{s}'", .{ @tagName(lhs.ty.zigTypeTag()), @tagName(rhs.ty.zigTypeTag()) });
     }
 
     if (casted_lhs.value()) |lhs_val| {
@@ -1656,7 +1656,7 @@ fn analyzeInstArithmetic(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.BinOp) Inn
     const ir_tag = switch (inst.base.tag) {
         .add => Inst.Tag.add,
         .sub => Inst.Tag.sub,
-        else => return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "TODO implement arithmetic for operand '{}''", .{@tagName(inst.base.tag)}),
+        else => return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "TODO implement arithmetic for operand '{s}''", .{@tagName(inst.base.tag)}),
     };
 
     return mod.addBinOp(b, inst.base.src, scalar_type, ir_tag, casted_lhs, casted_rhs);
@@ -1689,7 +1689,7 @@ fn analyzeInstComptimeOp(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, res_type: Type, inst: *zir
                 mod.floatSub(scope, res_type, inst.base.src, lhs_val, rhs_val);
             break :blk val;
         },
-        else => return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "TODO Implement arithmetic operand '{}'", .{@tagName(inst.base.tag)}),
+        else => return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "TODO Implement arithmetic operand '{s}'", .{@tagName(inst.base.tag)}),
     };
 
     return mod.constInst(scope, inst.base.src, .{
@@ -1781,7 +1781,7 @@ fn analyzeInstCmp(
         return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "TODO implement equality comparison between a union's tag value and an enum literal", .{});
     } else if (lhs_ty_tag == .ErrorSet and rhs_ty_tag == .ErrorSet) {
         if (!is_equality_cmp) {
-            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "{} operator not allowed for errors", .{@tagName(op)});
+            return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "{s} operator not allowed for errors", .{@tagName(op)});
         }
         return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "TODO implement equality comparison between errors", .{});
     } else if (lhs.ty.isNumeric() and rhs.ty.isNumeric()) {
@@ -1962,7 +1962,7 @@ fn analyzeDeclVal(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.DeclVal) InnerErr
     const decl_name = inst.positionals.name;
     const zir_module = scope.namespace().cast(Scope.ZIRModule).?;
     const src_decl = zir_module.contents.module.findDecl(decl_name) orelse
-        return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "use of undeclared identifier '{}'", .{decl_name});
+        return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "use of undeclared identifier '{s}'", .{decl_name});
 
     const decl = try resolveCompleteZirDecl(mod, scope, src_decl.decl);